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BIO101-GENZOO > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

This is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical but from the same origin, that together carry our a specific function that is necessary to the survival of multicellular organisms.

A

Tissues

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2
Q

Study of Tissues.

A

Histology

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3
Q

Study of Tissues in connection with disease

A

Histopathology

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4
Q

What are the four types of animal tissues?

A

• Epithelial Tissue
• Nervous Tissue
• Muscle Tissue
• Connective Tissue

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5
Q

This is a protective, continuous sheet of compactly packed cells.

A

Epithelial Tissue

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of Epithelial Tissue?

A

• Cellularity
• Polarity
• Attachment
• Vascularity
• Innervation
• Regeneration

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7
Q

It is highly cellular, tissue as a whole is primarily composed of cells.

A

Cellularity

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8
Q

Epithelial Tissue is compact due to the?

A

it make use of the specialized junctions

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9
Q

What are the three specialized functions?

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Adherens junctions
  3. Gap Junctions
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10
Q

This is a type of specialized junction that has a strong bond between neighboring cells and prevents leakage across tissues.

A

Tight Junctions

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11
Q

A specialized junction that linked the cytoskeleton of the adjacent cells.

A

Adherens Junctions

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12
Q

A specialized junction used by epithelial cells to facilitate the movement of ions and molecules across the tissue.

A

Gap junctions

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13
Q

The cells have different appearance in their upper and lower parts.

A

Polarity

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14
Q

Lower surface of Epithelial Tissue

A

Basal Surface

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15
Q

Upper Surface of Epithelial Tissue

A

Apical Surface

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16
Q

All epithelium displays _____ which means that the basal surface are connected to the special membrane called the _______ ________.

A

Attachment, basement membrane

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17
Q

What are the two lamina that made up the basement membrane?

A

Basal Lamina and Reticular Lamina

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18
Q

This made up the basement membrane that is adjacent to the epithelium and has fibers and polysaccharides. The materials are also produced from epithelial cells.

A

Basal Lamina

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19
Q

This made up the basement membrane in which the layer is connected to the underlying tissue and consist of proteins and fibers. And the materials are produced from connective tissue.

A

Reticular Lamina

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20
Q

It does not have its own blood supply and the materials are diffused from neighboring cells

A

Vascularity

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21
Q

It is rich in nervous-endings and the epithelial tissue can perform sensory function.

A

Innervation

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22
Q

Can repair and regenerate itself

A

Regeneration

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23
Q

Steps Jn Wound Healing

A

Coagulation, Inflammatory Response, Epithelialization, Fibroplasia, and Maturation

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24
Q

Give the four functions of Epithelial Tissue.

A

Protection, control permeability, sensation, and secretion

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25
Q

What are the three classification of Epithelial Tissue?

A

Cell Shape
Layer
Types

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26
Q

What are the three cell shapes of epithelial tissue?

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, and Columnar

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27
Q

Flat and thin

A

Squamous

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28
Q

Box like

A

Cuboidal

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29
Q

Rectangular, taller than wide in shape

A

Columnar

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30
Q

Layers of Epithelial Tissue

A

Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified
Transitional

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31
Q

one layer

A
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32
Q

two or more layers

A

Stratified

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33
Q

Appears to be layered but actually one layer only. It appears to be stratified due to position of nuclei.

A

Pseudostratified

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34
Q

It is made up of several layers of cells that become flattened when stretched.

A

Transitional

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35
Q

Types of Epithelial Tissue

A

Membranous
Glandular

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36
Q

Types of Epithelial Tissue that acts as a protection or covering.

A

Membranous

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37
Q

It facilitates the exchange of gas, nutrients, and waste product.

A

Selective Diffusion

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38
Q

It absorbs nutrients coming from digested foods.

A

Absorption/Secretion

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39
Q

It provides surface protection

A

Physical Protection

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40
Q

Provide barrier between the internal and external areas of the organ.

A

Containment

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41
Q

Roles of Membranous

A

Selective Diffusion
Absorption/Secretion
Physical Protection
Containment

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42
Q

Froms Glands

A

Glandular

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43
Q

Roles of Glandular

A

Exocrine and Endocrine

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44
Q

have ducts

A

Exocrine

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45
Q

ductless and just make use of blood circulation

A

Endocrine

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46
Q

Unicellular glands that are known to produce and secret mucus.

A

Goblet cells

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47
Q

It enhance the absorption of nutrients by increasing the surface area of the cell.

A

Microvilli

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48
Q

It contains a densely packed nerve cell, which are specialized for nerve impulse conduction.

A

Nervous Tissue

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49
Q

What are the two composition of Nervous Tissue?

A

Neurons and Glial Cells

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50
Q

It is a specialized type of cell that vary in shape and size.

A

Neurons

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51
Q

What are the three basic properties of neurons?

A

Cell Body
Dendrites
Axon

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52
Q

This is where the nucleus is found

A

Cell Body

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53
Q

Neurons receives inputs from other cells.

A

Dendrites

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54
Q

It carries information from the cell body to other cells. Or it is where information is sent to the effector.

A

Axon

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55
Q

Ending of the axon that will form synap with the effector and the synap are actually not a physical connection but rather a gap or space.

A

Terminal Endings

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56
Q

Messenger of neurons

A

Neurotransmitters

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57
Q

Special kind of cell membrane. It is also an insulating layer, or sheath that form around the nerves, including those in the brain and spinal chord.

A

Myelin Sheath

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58
Q

The gaps between the myelin insulation of the axon of neurons where impulses jump as they are transmitted.

A

Nodes of ranvier

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59
Q

Three types of neurons based on functions.

A

Motor neuron
Sensory neuron
Inter neuron

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60
Q

It is one of the functional neurons that involved in transmitting signals sending to the muscles and to the glands.

A

Motor Neuron

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61
Q

Sense organs

A

Sensory neurons

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62
Q

Connects the motor and sensory neurons

A

Inter Neurons

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63
Q

What are the four structures of Nervous Tissue?

A

Anaxonic Neuron
Unipolar Neuron
Bipolar Neuron
Multipolar Neuron

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64
Q

It is a type of neuron where there is no axon or it can not be differentiated from the dendrites. It is also has common touch and pain sensory neuron in peripheral tissue.

A

Anaxonic Neuron

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65
Q
  • A type of neuron that conducts action potentials from the dendrites to the cell body, where they pass directly to the central process.
  • One long continuous process.
A

Unipolar neuron

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66
Q

A type of neuron that has two extensions (one axon and one dendrites). It is also the middle cell body.

A

Bipolar neuron

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67
Q

The most common types of neurons in the central nervous system. They form the autonomic ganglia and possess a single axon with several symmetrical radiating dendrites. Some neurons have multiple axons of lack axons will together.

A

Multipolar neuron

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68
Q

Nerves that connects the cranial and spinal nerves.

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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69
Q

A non-conducting cell that protect and nurture as well as support cells of nervous tissue. It also does not transmit signals or impulse but rather provides support to main actions of neurons.

A

Glial cells

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70
Q

The glial cells that form myelin sheath around axons of neurons are the

A

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells

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71
Q

It forms a myelin sheath and the location is in the central nervous system.

A

Oligodendrocytes

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72
Q

It forms a myelin sheath and the location is in the peripheral nervous system.

A

Schwann cells

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73
Q

The glial cells that help from the blood-brain barrier. It is also the biggest among the glial cells, and is involved in material exchange.

A

Astrocytes

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74
Q

Shapes of astrocytes

A

Star-like

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75
Q

The smallest among the glial cells and it helps for protection.

A

Microglia Cell

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76
Q

The glial cells that is elongated and forum forming the inner linings of the brain and the spinal cord.

A

Ependymal Cell

77
Q

It composed of cells that the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts.

A

Muscle Tissue

78
Q

What are the properties of Muscle Tissue?

A

√ Contractility
√ Excitability
√ Extensibility
√ Elasticity

79
Q

The ability of the muscle cells to forcefully shorten and allows muscle tissue to pull on its attachment points and shorten with force.

A

Contractility

80
Q

The ability to respond to a stimulus, which may be delivered from a motor neuron of a hormone.

A

Excitability

81
Q

The ability of a muscle to be stretched or extended.

A

Extensibility

82
Q

The ability of a muscle to return to its original length when relaxed

A

Elasticity

83
Q

What are the two types of muscle tissue?

A

Striated and Non-Striated

84
Q

What the the striated muscle?

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac Muscle

85
Q

Which muscle tissue with multiple nucleus?

A

Skeletal Muscle

86
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

A

voluntary movement, produces heat, protects organ

87
Q

Location of the skeletal muscle

A

Attached to bones, around entrance points to the body

88
Q

long cylindrical fiber, striated, many peripherally located nuclei

A

Skeletal Muscle

89
Q

It is short-branched, striated, single central nucleus

A

Cardiac muscle

90
Q

What is the function of cardiac muscle?,

A

Contracts to pump blood

91
Q

Location of cardiac muscle

A

Heart

92
Q

It is non-straited muscle

A

Smooth muscle

93
Q

It is a short, spindle-shaped, no evident striation, single nucleus in each fiber

A

Smooth Muscle

94
Q

Involuntary movement, moves food, involuntary control of respiration, moves secretions, regulates flow of blood in arteries by contraction.

A

Smooth Muscle

95
Q

Location of smooth muscle

A

Walls of major organs and passageways

96
Q

It is a fibrous tissue found throughout the body

A

Connective Tissue

97
Q

Function of connective tissue

A

•form sheaths around the body organs and between tissues
• protects the body against wound and infection
• stores fats
• produce blood
• helps in body immunity

98
Q

It make up the extracellular matrix

A

Ground Substance

99
Q

A large network of proteins and other molecules that surrounds, support, and gives structure to cells and tissues in the body.

A

Extracellular matrix

100
Q

Three components of connective tissue

A

Ground Substance
Cells
Fibers

101
Q

Living

A

Cells

102
Q

Cellular products, and non-living

A

Fibers

103
Q

Give the seven examples of fibers

A

√ Adipocytes
√ Mesenchymal Cells
√ Fibroblast
√ Collagen
√ Elastic Fibers
√ Reticular Fibers
√ Macrophages

104
Q

A calories storage system accepting chemical energy in the form of glucose and fatty acid from the blood.

A

Adipocytes

105
Q

stem cells, free-cursol cells, develops intro adipocytes, source, parent cells of tissues

A

Mesenchymal cells

106
Q

Cells that produce the fibers in the tissue it also secretes collagen proteins that help maintain the structural framework of tissues.

A

Fibroblast

107
Q

A type of cell that contributes to the formation of connective tissue.

A

Fibroblast

108
Q

Strongest among all fibers

A

Collagen

109
Q

Gives elasticity

A

Elastic fibers

110
Q

Forms networks, branches and forms delicate networks

A

Reticular fibers

111
Q

A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms; removes dead cells, and stimulated the action of other immune system cells.

A

Macrophages

112
Q

Protects the body against wound and infection.

A

Areolar Tissue

113
Q

Stores fats and insulates the body against heat loss

A

Adipose tissue

114
Q

Forms shape and the framework of the body

A

Supportive tissue

115
Q

Produce blood

A

Hematopoietic tissue

116
Q

Helps in body immunity

A

Lymphatic tissue

117
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

A
  1. Proper Connective Tissue
  2. Supporting / Skeletal Connective Tissue
  3. Fluid (Typical) Connective Tissue
118
Q

Type of connective tissue where the matrix is soft, less rigid and shows varying degree of toughness

A

Proper Connective Tissue

119
Q

What are the two types of proper connective tissue?

A

√ Loose Connective Tissue
√ Dense (Fibrous) Connective Tissue

120
Q

Enumerate three examples of loose connective tissue.

A
  1. Areolar Connective Tissue
  2. Adipose Connective Tissue
  3. Reticular Connective Tissue
121
Q

An example of loose connective tissue that is homogenous, transparent, semi-, fluid and gelatinous matrix.

A

Areolar Connective Matrix

122
Q

What are the functions of areolar connective tissue?

A

• binds tissues together
• engulf bacteria and damaged dead cells
• secret heparin and histamine
• produce antibodies

123
Q

Matrix contains various type of ______ and _________.

A

Cells and fibers

124
Q

Cells in areolar connective tissue

A

Fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, fat, and plasma cells

125
Q

Fibers in areolar connective tissue

A

White collagen fibers and yellow collagen fibers

126
Q

Modified form of areolar tissue that contains a large number of fat cells (adipocytes)

A

Adipose Connective Tissue

127
Q

Location of Adipose Connective Tissue

A

Beneath skin in dermis, mesenteries, around kidney, heart, and eyeballs

128
Q

What are the functions of Adipose Connective Tissue?

A

Energy storage, shock absorber, insulation

129
Q

An example of proper connective tissue that contains large numbers of reticular cells.

A

Reticular Connective Tissue

130
Q

Location of reticular connective tissue

A

Lymph nodes, spleen liver, bone marrow, thymus, and tonsils

131
Q

Functions of Reticular Connective Tissue

A

For immunity and body defenses

132
Q

The fibers dominate over the cells and the matrix in quantity and the fibers may be regularly or irregularly arranged.

A

Dense (Fibrous) Connective Tissue

133
Q

What are the types of dense connective tissue?

A

White Fibrous Tissue
Yellow Elastic Tissue

134
Q

It contains fibroblast cell and collagen fibers and very few amount of matrix.

A

White fibrous tissue

135
Q

The White Fibrous Tissue occurs in two forms

A

Tendons or sheath

136
Q

Binds muscle to bone

A

Tendons

137
Q

Binds bone to bone

A

Ligament

138
Q

Contains numerous and closely packed yellow elastic fibers and present in ligament, blood vessel walls, vocal cords, respiratory tract

A

Yellow Elastic Fibers

139
Q

Where can we find the yellow elastic tissue?

A

Blood vessel cells, vocal cords, respiratory tract

140
Q

Supporting tissue that forms the exoskeleton of vertebrates.

A

Supporting/Skeletal Connective Tissue

141
Q

What are the types of Supporting/Skeletal Connective Tissue?

A

√ Cartilage
√ Bone

142
Q

What are the cell in cartilage?

A

Chondroblast and Chondrocyte

143
Q

The extracellular matrix of cartilage

A

Chondroitin Sulphate

144
Q

Fibers of Cartilage

A

Collagen or Mixture of Collagen and elastic fibers

145
Q

Types of Cartilage

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Fibrous Cartilage
  3. Elastic Cartilage
146
Q

Ground Substance

A

Hyaline

147
Q

Ground Substance with non-elastic collagen fibers

A

Fibrous cartilage

148
Q

Ground substance with yellow elastic fibers

A

Elastic Cartilage

149
Q

The cells that can be found in bone

A

Osteoblast and Osteocyte Cells

150
Q

Responsible for aged bone resorption

A

Osteoblast

151
Q

Responsible for new bone formation

A

Osteocyte

152
Q

The extracellular matrix or ground substance of Bone

A

Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate)

153
Q

It is embedded in the matrix of bone

A

Bone cell and collagen fibers

154
Q

Types of Bone

A

Spongy Bone Tissue
Compact Bone Tissue

155
Q

Matrix is web like rather than solid with number of space in between.

A

Spongy Bone Tissue

156
Q

Spongy Bone Tissue is also known as ________

A

trabeculae

157
Q

It lack Haversian Canal System and Volkmann’s canal

A

Spongy Bone Tissue

158
Q

It forms the hard, dense outer layer of bones throughout the human body. It also provides strength and protection.

A

Compact Bone Tissue

159
Q

The extracellular matrix around the cells gives compact bone its hardest and rigidity.

A

lamellae

160
Q

small canals running through the bone solid matrix, hosting osteocyte’s dendrites, and saturates by an interstitial fluid in ions.

A

canaliculi

161
Q

It is also known as cortical bone

A

Compact Bone Tissue

162
Q

Two types of Fluid (Typical) Connective Tissue

A

Blood and Lymph

163
Q

It makes up about 8% of total body weight

A

Blood

164
Q

What are the elements of Blood

A

• Plasma (55%)
• Platelets (1%)
• Red Blood Cells (41%)
• White Blood Cells (4%)

165
Q

Plasma percentage by weight

A

• proteins (7%)
• water (91%)
• other solutes (2%)

166
Q

What is the lifespan of platelets?

A

7 days

167
Q

Lifespan of red blood cells

A

120 days

168
Q

Red Blood Cells also called as

A

Erythrocytes

169
Q

Lifespan of White Blood Cells

A

20 days

170
Q

White Blood Cells is also called as __________

A

leukocytes

171
Q

Volume of blood

A

Buffy coat and formed elements

172
Q

Buffy coat

A

Platelets (250 - 400 thousands)
White Blood Cells (5-10 thousands)

173
Q

It is a former elements (45%)

A

Red Blood Cells (4.2 - 6.2 million)

174
Q

The granular leukocytes involved in non-specific immune defenses are

A

Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil

175
Q

It is bilobed and produce histamine

A

Eosinophil

176
Q
  • multilobed
  • inflammation response
A

Basophil

177
Q
  • Multilobed
  • phagocytic
A

Neutrophil

178
Q

When the plasma leaks out of the blood vessels and goes into the surrounding tissues, it becomes the_____

A

Interstitial fluid

179
Q

Interstitial fluid goes into lymphatic vessels it is called

A

Lymph

180
Q

Tissue inflammation

A

Edema

181
Q

Collects interstitial fluid

A

Lymphatic vessels

182
Q

What are the difference between the lymph and blood in terms of color and RBC

A

Lymph - colorless and does not contain RBC
Blood - red-colored and contains RBC

183
Q

What are the difference between the lymph and blood in terms of functions

A

Lymph - body defense
Blood - associated with circulation of oxygen and carbon dioxide

184
Q

What are the difference between the lymph and blood in terms of plasma

A

Lymph - lacks proteins
Blood - has proteins, calcium and phosphorus

185
Q

What are the difference between the lymph and blood in terms of transports

A

lymph - nutrients from the tissue cells to the blood through lymphatic vessels
Blood - nutrients and oxygen from one organ to another

186
Q

What are the difference between the lymph and blood in terms of flow speed

A

Lymph - slow
Blood - fast

187
Q

The vein where the lymph is being drained back intro the blood circulation

A

Subclavian vein

188
Q

Series of wave like muscle contractions that move good through the digestive tract

A

Peristalsis

BIO101-GENZOO (8 decks)

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