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BIO101-GENZOO > Gene > Flashcards

Gene Flashcards

1
Q

From Greek word GEN meaning to become or to grow

A

Genetics

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2
Q

Branch of biology that deals with the principles of heredity and variation in all living things.

A

Genetics

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3
Q

Alternative form of a gene.

A

Allele

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4
Q

Contain like genes for any character

A

Homozygous

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5
Q

Contains two kinds of genes for an allelic pair

A

Heterozygous

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6
Q

Appearance or assemblage of characters that are expressed; may change because of interactions with environmental and other genes

A

Phenotype

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7
Q

Genetic constitution of an individual; constant

A

Genotype

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8
Q

Trait that is expressed in the heterozygote

A

Dominant Trait

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9
Q

Hidden in the heterozygote

A

Recessive Trait

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10
Q

“Father of Genetics”

A

Gregor Mendel

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11
Q

Allele occur in pairs and that in the formation of gametes, these segregate so that only one member of a pair goes into a particular gamete.

A

Law of Segregation

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12
Q

Involves one (mono) character and different (hybrid) traits.

A

Monohybrid Cross

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13
Q

Tool for calculating genetic probabilities

A

Punnette Squares

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14
Q

Based on dihybrid crosses where two genes are considered simultaneously

Alleles in different gene pairs separate cleanly from each other and randomly combine during gamete formation

A

Law of Independent Assortment

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15
Q

Are made when phenotypes and genotypes composed of two independent alleles are analysed.

A

Dihybrid Cross

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16
Q

Is the transmission of traits from one generation to next

A

Heredity

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17
Q

Shows that offspring differ somewhat in appearance from parents and siblings

A

Variation

18
Q

The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation

A

Genetics

19
Q

The units of heredity; are segments of DNA

A

Genes

20
Q

One parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis

A

Asexual Reproduction

21
Q

Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents

A

Sexual Reproduction

22
Q

Is the generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism

A

Life Cycle

23
Q

An ordered, visual representation of the chromosomes in a cell

A

Karyotype

24
Q

are two chromosomes composing a pair

have the same characteristics (traits)

may also be called AUTOSOMES

A

Homologous Chromosomes

25
Q

represented as X and Y

A

Sex Chromosomes

26
Q

Has two sets of each of its chromosomes

A

Diploid Cell

27
Q

Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are

A

Haploid Cells

28
Q

Meiosis occurs during

A

gamete formation

29
Q

Reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid

A

Meiosis I

30
Q

Produces four haploid daughter cells

A

Meiosis II

31
Q

Chromosomes duplicate

A

Interphase I

32
Q

Separates homologous chromosomes

A

Meiosis I

33
Q

Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange segments (crossing-over); 2n=6

A

Prophase I

34
Q

Tetrads line-up

A

Metaphase I

35
Q

Pairs of homologous chromosomes split up

A

Anaphase I

36
Q

two haploid cells form; chromosomes are still double

A

Telophase I and Cytokinesis

37
Q

separates sister chromatids

A

Meiosis II

38
Q

Three or more alleles of the same gene are found

A

Multiple alleles

39
Q

Genotype of the Type A

A

I^A I^ A
I^A i

40
Q

Genotype of the Type B

A

I^B I^ B
I^B i

41
Q

Genotype of the Type AB

A

I^A I^B

42
Q

Type O

A

ii

BIO101-GENZOO (8 decks)

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