Chromosomal Basis of Heridity

Question 1

Chromosomes are found ______

Answer 1

Inside the nucleus

Question 2

It control protein synthesis thereby influencing traits.

Answer 2

Genes

Question 3

The Prokaryotic Chromosomes is found in?

Answer 3

Nucleoid region

Question 4

Prokaryotic Chromosomes have chromosomes spread in their _______ but in the particular trend called

Answer 4

Cytoplasm, nucleoid

Question 5

It is the end part of the chromosomes.

Answer 5

Telomere

Question 6

Eukaryotic chromosomes is packed with coils and proteins which we call

Answer 6

Nucleosome

Question 7

End part of the chromosome

Answer 7

Telomere

Question 8

Sequence of Telomere

Answer 8

TTAGGG (500-3000 times)

Question 9

It maintains the TTAGGG sequence

Answer 9

Telomerases

Question 10

Telomerases shortens every

Answer 10

Cell division

Question 11

If the cell is not undergoing cell division, then the chromosomes are in the form of ______

Answer 11

Chromatin

Question 12

Long-thin strands that are not visible during cell division.

Answer 12

Chromatin

Question 13

Thick and shortened strands of DNA that are visible during cell division

Answer 13

Chromosomes

Question 14

What do you call the two threads that is visible during the beginning of mitosis?

Answer 14

Sister Chromatids

Question 15

What does the presence of sister chromatids indicate during cell division?

Answer 15

It indicates that replication is complete and the DNA content in the cell is already twice the normal number

Question 16

One centromere is equals to

Answer 16

One chromosome

Question 17

During mitosis, the sister chromatids separate and are places into _____ ______

Answer 17

Two nuclei

Question 18

Where does the daughter chromatids bound?

Answer 18

Centromere

Question 19

It also involve in aging or senescence

Answer 19

Telomeres

Question 20

What are the four types of Chromosomes based on Centromeric Positions?

Answer 20

√ Metacentric
√ Submetacentric
√ Acrocentric
√ Telocentric

Question 21

When the primary constriction divides the arms equally.

Answer 21

Metacentric

Question 22

Short arm

Answer 22

Submetacentric

Question 23

Has a satellite, very unequal arms and has secondary constriction

Answer 23

Acrocentric

Question 24

When the centromere is positioned at the end of chromosome

Answer 24

Telocentric

Question 25

What does satellite used for?

Answer 25

Barcording, molecular profiling of species

Question 26

Short arm

Answer 26

p

Question 27

long arm

Answer 27

q

Question 28

A specific region of the eukaryotic chromosome where the kinetochore (the complex of DNA and proteins to which the spindle fibers) attach and pull the chromosomes during both mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 28

Centromere

Question 29

Attach to the spindle fiber that are responsible of moving the chromosomes around.

Answer 29

Kinetochore

Question 30

The Numbers of Chromosomes

Answer 30

√ Constant for each cell in the body (except sex cells which only have half sets). √ Constant throughout the life of an individual (you don’t lose or gain chromosomes) √ Constant for all members of a species

Question 31

How long does the process of mitosis?

Answer 31

In 16 hours, only 1 hour is spent in mitosis

Question 32

Phase when cells do not divide

Answer 32

G0

Question 33

Difference in meiosis in mitosis

Answer 33

√ synapsis √ crossing over √ metaphase 1 chromosomes align by pair

Question 34

What are the Substages of Prophase 1

Answer 34

1. Leptotene stage (leptonema) 2. Zygotene stage (zygonema) 3. Pachytene stage (pachynema) 4. Diplotene stage 5. Diakineses

Question 35

Chromatins condense

Answer 35

Leptotene stage (leptonema)

Question 36

- where chromosomes thicken and shorten - homologous recombination happens because of crossing-over

Answer 36

Pachytene Stage (Pachynema)

Question 37

-Synapsis occur - synaptonemal complex appears - homologous align along their entire length

Answer 37

Zygotene stage (Zygonema)

Question 38

- characterized by desynapsis - chiasmata formation - synaptonemal complex dissolve - separation start except at the sure of crossing over

Answer 38

Diplotene

Question 39

- end stage - chiasmata terminalization - bivalent are being distributed evenly in the nucleus - breakdown of nuclear membrane

Answer 39

Diakinesis

Question 40

Multicellular organisms copy their chromosomes before cell division. And they must grow to a mature size.

Answer 40

Interphase

Question 41

The nucleus divides, distributing the chromosomes into two equal groups.

Answer 41

mitosis

Question 42

The cytoplasm then divides each part taking a nucleus.

Answer 42

cytokinesis

Question 43

Results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell.

Answer 43

Mitosis

Question 44

During Mitosis, the daughter cells are _____ to one another and to the original parent cell.

Answer 44

identical

Question 45

Results in the production of gametes (sex) cells.

Answer 45

Meiosis

Question 46

What happened to the numbers of chromosomes during meiosis?

Answer 46

Reduces the number of chromosomes into half.

Question 47

What happens to the Metaphase stage of Mitosis?

Answer 47

Duplicated Chromosomes line up individually on spindle

Question 48

What happens to the Metaphase stage of Meiosis?

Answer 48

Homologous pairs of duplicated chromosomes (tetrads) line up in the spindle

Question 49

What happens to the Middle Prophase 1 stage of Meiosis?

Answer 49

Pairing of homologous chromosomes

Question 50

What happens to the Late Prophase 1 stage of Meiosis?

Answer 50

Duplication becomes visible

Question 51

The sex of many animals is determined by genes but on chromosomes called

Answer 51

sex chromosomes

Question 52

Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

Answer 52

Autosome

Question 53

Female (XX)

Answer 53

Homogametic

Question 54

Male (XY)

Answer 54

Heterogametic

Question 55

• Presence of Y- chromosome = maleness (mammals and fish) • Presence of second X- chromosome = femaleness (Drosophila, the fruit fly)

Answer 55

Homogametic - Female (XX) Heterogametic - Male (XY)

Question 56

Sex Determination of Birds, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, moths.

Answer 56

Homogametic - Male (ZZ) Heterogametic - Female (ZW)

Question 57

Sex Determination of Grasshoppers

Answer 57

Homogametic - Female (XX) Heterogametic - Male (XO)