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BIO101-GENZOO > Lesson 10 - Circulatiom > Flashcards

Lesson 10 - Circulatiom Flashcards

1
Q

What are the function of circulatory system?

A

• carry out nutrients and oxygen to cells
• carry waste away from cells
• carry chemical signals from one body
part to another
• distribute heat throughout the body
• maintain fluid levels

— vast network of organs and vessels that is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, hormones, oxygen, and other gases from and into the cells —

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2
Q

An organism that do not need a circulatory
system

A

Unicellular Organism

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3
Q

An organism that lacks circulatory system

A

Simple aquatic multicellular organism

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4
Q

Sponge’s digestive system

A

Choanocytes

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5
Q

Pores of the sponge

A

Porocytes

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6
Q

Line the outside of the sponge and from its skin

A

Flat Epidermal

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7
Q

One of the cell of sponge that transport nutrients, secrets the spicules, and production of gametes

A

Amoebocytes

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8
Q

An organism that require a circulatory system

A

Complex Multicellular Organism

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9
Q

Two types of Circulatory System

A

Open Circulatory System and Close Circulatory System

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10
Q
  • The blood is not enclosed in the blood vessels, but is pumped into a body cavity.
  • open circulation which no small blood vessels or capillaries interfacing with cells or connecting arteries with veins.
A

Open Circulatory System

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11
Q

A body cavity that contains blood and functions as part of the circulatory system. It also contains circulatory fluid.

A

Hemocoel

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12
Q

A circulating fluid in the bodies of some invertebrates that is the equivalent of blood

A

Hemolymph

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13
Q

A small opening or orifice, as in a body organ or passage

A

Ostia

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14
Q

A closed-loop system in which the blood is
not moving freely in a cavity.
Described is a closed circulation because the circulating fluid, blood, is confined to vessels throughout its journey through the vascular system

A

Closed Circulatory System

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15
Q

Blood is contained inside blood vessels, circulating unidirectionally (in one direction) from the heart around the systemic circulatory route, then returning to the heart again.

A

Closed Circulatory System

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16
Q

Central organ of the cardiovascular system where it pumps blood around the body.

A

Heart

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17
Q

Lined by endothelium just like the blood vessels, and it’s the innermost layer of the heart which means that its direct contact with the blood

A

Endocardium

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18
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall

A

Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium, Pericardium (Serious Pericardium and Fibrous Pericardium)

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19
Q

Lined by endothelium just like the blood vessels, and it’s the innermost layer of the heart which means that its direct contact with the blood

A

Endocardium

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20
Q

Responsible for the pumping action of the heart and is composed of cardiac muscle tissue

A

Myocardium

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21
Q

Visceral layer of the pericardium or outermost
protective layer of the heart where it composed of mesothelium, a cell type that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body. It also contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels that supplies the myocardium

A

Epicardium

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22
Q

Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart

A

Pericardium

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23
Q

Inner layer of pericardium

A

Serious Pericardium

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24
Q

Two layers of Serious Pericardium

A

Parietal layer of the pericardium
Visceral layer of the serious pericardium

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25
Q

Outer layer that’s firmly attached to the fibrous pericardium. There’s no space between them.

A

Parietal layer of the serous pericardium

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26
Q

The innermost layer of your pericardium.

A

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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27
Q

Tough, outermost layer of pericardium. It’s made of connective tissue that prevents your heart from expanding too much.

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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28
Q

Space formed between the two layers of serous pericardium around the heart.

A

Pericardial Cavity

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29
Q

A tube through which the blood circulate in the blood circulates in the body. It include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

A

Blood vessels

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30
Q

Layers of the blood vessels

A

Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

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31
Q

Hemocoel is composed of the primary body cavity

A

Persistent Blastocoel

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32
Q

Contraction

A

Systolic

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33
Q

Relaxation

A

Diastolic

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34
Q

Inneermost layer of the blood vessels which consists of a flat epithelial cells that slows fluid to flow smoothly

A

Tunica Intima

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35
Q

Middle Layer of the Blood vessels which made of smooth muscles and sheers of protein elastin responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

Tunica Media

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36
Q

Muscles around the blood vessels tighten to make the space inside smaller

A

Vasoconstriction

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37
Q

Opens the blood vessels to make the space inside bigger

A

Vasodilation

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38
Q

External layer of the blood vessels that made of loosely woven collagen fibers

A

Tunica Externa

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39
Q

Types of Blood Vessels

A

Arteries, Veins, and Caplillaries

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40
Q

Vessels leaving the heart (heart to body)

A

Arteries

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41
Q

Types of Arteries

A

Elastic Arteries
Muscular Arteries

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42
Q

The largest arteries closest to the heart and invested with thick layers of elastic fibers very little smooth muscle and tough inelastic connective tissue

A

Elastic arteries

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43
Q

Example of elastic fibers

A

Aorta and pulmonary arteries

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44
Q

Carry oxygenated blood throughout the body/carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

A

Aorta

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45
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary arteries

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46
Q

Arteries farther away from the heart possess more smooth muscle and less elastic fibers. It can also decrease or increase their diameter

A

Muscular arteries

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47
Q

Examples of muscular arteries

A

Femoral, radial, and brachial arteries

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48
Q

Main blood vessel supplying the blood to your lower body. It starts in the upper thighs, near your groin, and runs down to the back of your knee

A

Femoral

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49
Q

Blood vessels that supplies blood to the forearm and hand

A

Radial

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50
Q

Major blood vessel located in the upper arm is the main supplier of blood to the arm and hand .

A

Brachial arteries

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51
Q

Vessels bring back blood to heart (body to heart) it also has valves ( to prevent backflow of blood) as blood flows against gravity

A

Veins

52
Q

The transfer system between arteries and veins, it also has capillary bed and has large surface area

A

Capillaries

53
Q

Contraction of muscles to help veins bring back blood to heart

A

Secondary circulation

54
Q

Transport medium of the circulatory system

A

Blood

55
Q

Most common plasma protein for maintaining normal blood volume and pressure

A

Albumin

56
Q

Attack target infection for WBC response

A

Immunoglobin

57
Q

Coiled proteins for blood clotting

A

Fibrinogen

58
Q

Red blood cells is also called as

A

erythrocytes

59
Q

White blood cells also called

A

Leukocytes

60
Q

Derived from stem cells in bone marrow; colorless and has no hemoglobin

A

White blood cells

61
Q

Types of white blood cells

A

Lymphocytes, Granulocytes, and Memory cells

62
Q

This produce antibodies

A

Lymphocytes

63
Q

This produce histamine

A

Granulocytes

64
Q

Engulfment of bacteria (active transport)

A

Phagocytosis

65
Q

Provides life-long immunity from repeat infections

A

Memory cells

66
Q

Another name for platelets

A

thrombocytes

67
Q

Not true cells; they are rint fragments of other cells megakaryocytes and plays an role in blood clotting, releasing prothrombin (clotting factors)

A

Platelets

68
Q

Unwanted clotting of blood

A

Thrombosis

69
Q

Heart blockage of the coronary artery

A

Coronary thrombosis

70
Q

2 chambered heart means

A
  • One atrium and one ventricle
  • single circulation
    Ex: fish
71
Q

3 chambered heart which means

A
  • two atria, one ventricle (both oxygenated and deoxygenated collide)
  • double circulation
    Ex: reptile/amphibian heart
72
Q

4 chambered heart means

A
  • two atria, two ventricles (oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate)
  • double circulation
    ex: mammalian heart
73
Q

What are the two chambers of fish heart

A

Atria and ventricles

74
Q

Upper chamber and it pumps the blood intro the ventricle

A

Auricle and atrium

75
Q

Lower chamber

A

Ventricles

76
Q

Elastic compartments which does not pump but has the ability to stretch or squeeze

A

Cunos

77
Q

Enlarged chamber which collects blood from venous system

A

Sinus venosus

78
Q

Network of veins that work to deliver deoxygenated blood back to your heart

A

Venous system

79
Q

thickened muscular cavity

A

bulbus arteriousus

80
Q

Blood flow in a fish heart

A
81
Q

An elastic artery is the (smallest) arteries closest to the heart and invested with thick layers of elastic fibers.

A

Largest

82
Q

The (Pulmonary arteries) carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

A

Aorta

83
Q

(Granulocytes) produce antibodies.

A

Lymphocytes

84
Q

Granulocytes produce antibodies.

A
85
Q

The (bulbus arteriosus) is an elastic compartment which does not pump, but has the ability to stretch or squeeze.

A

Cunos

86
Q

The right atrium of an amphibian heart receives venous blood from the body.

A

TRUE

87
Q

The blood flow of a (systemic circulation ) is blood from the HEART-LUNGS-HEART.

A

Cardiopulmonary

88
Q

B-Cells attacks infected cells.

A

T-Cells

89
Q

This is a muscle around the blood vessels that tighten to make the space inside smaller.

A

Vasoconstriction

90
Q

This is a space formed between the two layers of serious pericardium around the heart.

A

Pericardial Cavity

91
Q

This is a major blood vessel located in the upper arm and is the main supplier of blood to the arm and hand.

A

Brachial arteries

92
Q

Regular contractions are established by specialized cardiac muscle cells called _______.

A

Pacemaker cells

93
Q

A membrane that surrounds and protects the heart.

A

Pericardium

94
Q

What are the Circulatory Fluids?

A

Interstitial Fluid, Blood, and Hemolymph

95
Q

is the natural pacemaker of the heart that determines heart rate in mammals, including humans

A

Sinoatrial node (SAN)

96
Q

Squid have three hearts:

A

two branchial hearts and one systemic heart.

97
Q

Heart is divided into a right and left side, the two sides are separated by a

A

septum

98
Q

The heart has four chambers, the

A

right atrium, right ventricles, left atrium and left ventricles.

99
Q

Valve involves in the blood circulation of a mammalian heart

A

Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Mitral valve
Aortic valve

100
Q

collects, cleans and returns back the fluid
inot the blood

A

Lymphatic System

101
Q

assists in cleansing body fluids
- defense

A

Immune system

102
Q

a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against attacks of the foreign invaders

A

Immune System

103
Q

2 types of Immune System

A

Innate and Adaptive

104
Q

Innate type of immune system

A

Non specific, first degree line of defense

105
Q

Adaptive Immune System

A

Specific, second degree line of defense

106
Q

Rapid responses to a broad range of microbes

A

Innate

107
Q

Slower responses to specific microbes

A

Acquired immunity

108
Q

Invading microbes

A

Pathogens

109
Q

Responses in an acquired immunity

A

Humoral Response ( antibodies)
Cell-mediated response ( cytotoxic lymphocytes)

110
Q

Non specific defenses that are designed to prevent infections by viruses and bacterias

A

Innate Immune System; First Line of Defense

111
Q

Specific defenses are those that gives us immunity to certain disease

A

Acquired Immunity: Second Line of Defense

112
Q

Major players in the immune system

A

Macrophages
Anti-bodies
T-cells
B-cells

113
Q

Attacks invaders outside the cells
- plasma, memory

A

B cells

114
Q

Attacks infected cells
- helper, cytotoxic, helper

A

T cells

115
Q

A protein produced to tag and destroy invasive microbes

A

Antibody

116
Q

Various chemicals that produce my soil microbes that are toxic to many materials

A

Antibiotic

117
Q

A protein that body uses to recognize self and non-self

A

Antigen

118
Q

Humoral Immune System is all about the

A

B cells and antibodies

119
Q

This is activated when cells in the body are infected by a virus,bacterium, or fungus (intracellular invaders).

A

Humoral Immune Response

120
Q

Cell-mediated Response is all about the

A

T cells, macrophages, antigen

121
Q

Activate the cell mediated response

A

T cells

122
Q

Example of a Humoral Immune Response

A

Eczema

123
Q

Example of a cell mediated response

A

Toenail Fungus and contact dematitis

124
Q

B in b- cells

A

Bursa

125
Q

T in T-cells

A

Thymus

BIO101-GENZOO (8 decks)

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