TISSUES Flashcards
Group of specialized cells and the extracellular substances surrounding them.
Tissues
Microscopic study of tissues
Histology
What are the results of the changes in the tissues?
Aging, development, trauma, and disease.
What are the four type of tissues?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues
Characteristics of epithelial cells….
- composed mostly of cells
- covers body surfaces
- Distinct cell types
- Cell and matrix connection
- Non-vascular
- Capable of regeneration (replaces damaged cells)
Functions of the epithelia
- protecting underlying structures from abrasion
- Acts as barrier and prevents substances from entering.
- Permitting the passage of substances.
- Secreting substances
- Absorbing substances
Three major classification/types of epithelium based on the number of cell types…
- Simple epithelium
- Stratified epithelium
- Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
- Translational epithelium
Consists of one layer of cell, extending from the basement membrane up to the free surface…
Simple epithelium
Consists of more than one layer of cell
Stratified epithelium
Appears to have more than one layer of cells but actually a simple epithelium…
Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
Three major classification/types of epithelium based on the idealized shapes of epithelial cells….
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
Flat/scale -like cells
Squamous cells
Cube-like cells/cube-shaped. They are as wide as how tall they are…
Cuboidal epithelium
Tall and thin, similar to a column. Cells are actually taller than how wide they are.
Columnar epithelium
Single layer of thin, flat cells. This prevents abrasion between organs.
Squamous epithelium
Single layer of cube-like cells, that carry out active transport, and facilitated diffusion
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Single layer of tall, thin cells
Simple columnar epithelium cells
Secretes mucus that covers their free surface…
Pseudo columnar epithelium
Forms thick epithelium…..
Stratified squamous epithelium
Consists of more than 1 layer of cuboidal cells…..
Stratified cuboidal ep. cells
Consists of more than 1 layer of epithelial cells…
Stratified columnar ep. cells
Special type of stratified epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Mechanical links that binds cells together
Desmosomes
Modified desmosomes, anchors cells to the basement membrane.
Hemidesmosomes
Binds adjacent cells and form permeability barriers
Tight junctions
Small channels that allow small molecules/ions to pass…
Gap junctions
Secretory organs
Glands
Makes up/connects every part of the organ in the body?
Connective tissues
Specialized to contract/shorten making movement possible…
Muscle tissues
3 types of muscle tissues…
- Skeletal-long and cylindrical
- Cardiac- ,muscle of the heart
- Smooth- forms walls of hollow organs. Also found in the skin and eye.
Forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
This is specialized to conduct action potential (electrical signals).
Nervous tissue
Type of distinct cell surface wherein cells are exposed and not attached to other cells.
Free surface
Type of distinct cell surface wherein cells are attached to another epithelial cells.
Lateral surface
Type of distinct cell surface wherein it is located in the base of the cell and are attached to a basement membrane.
Basal surface.
Type of distinct cell surface which is specialized type of extracellular material excreted by epithelial and connective tissue cells.
Basement membrane
