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3RD SEM 2J - PARA LEC > TISSUE NEMATODES - Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Loa loa > Flashcards

TISSUE NEMATODES - Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Loa loa Flashcards

1
Q

diagnostic sample

A

blood

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2
Q

microfilariae become L1 larva in the

A

thoracic muscle

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3
Q

in humans, adult stage (b. malayi and w. bancrofti) is found in the

A

lymphatics

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4
Q

second leading cause of permanent and long term disability

A

lymphatic filariasis

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5
Q

filarial parasites for w. bancrofti

A

Bancroftian filaria

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6
Q

filarial parasites for b. malayi

A

malayan filaria

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7
Q

vectors for w. bancrofti

A

anopheles
aedes
culex

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8
Q

vectors for b. malayi

A

Mansonia bonneae, M. uniformis

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9
Q

common name of w. bancrofti

A

bancroft’s filarial worm

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10
Q

common name for b. malayi

A

malayan filarial worm

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11
Q

host adult for w. bancrofti

A

lower lymphatic

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12
Q

host adult for b. malayi

A

upper lymphatic

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13
Q

describe microfilaria of w. bancrofti

A

cephalic space: 1:1 as long as it is broad
body nuclei: well-spaced, has space in between
Tip of tail: no nuclei

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14
Q

describe microfilaria of b. malayi

A

cephalic space: 2:1 longer than wide
Body nuclei: crowded
tip of tail: 2 nuclei

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15
Q

appearance of w. bancrofti

A

graceful curve

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16
Q

appearance of b. malayi

A

kinky/stiff

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17
Q

sheath affinity to giemsa

A

b. malayi - stained pink (darker stained)
w. bancrofti = unstained

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18
Q

predispose to secondary bacterial infections and inflammatory response to skin and subcutaneous tissue

A

lymphagiogenesis

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19
Q

characterized by clinical and immunologic hyper-responsiveness to the mature worms

A

expatriate syndrome

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20
Q

symptoms for expatriate syndrome

A

hives
rashes
blood eosinophilia + lymphagitis & lymphadenitis

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21
Q

swelling of lymph channels

A

lymphagitis

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22
Q

swelling of lymph nodes

A

lymphadenitis

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23
Q

asymptomatic microfilaremia is also called as

A

endemic normals

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24
Q

patient lives within the endemic arae and possesses no symptoms

A

asymptomatic microfilaremia

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25
Q

main reservoir for infection

A

asymptomatic microfilaremia

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26
Q

cells inhibited in b. malayi infection due to the worm’s immunoregulatory mechanism

A

inhibition of CD4 T cells

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27
Q

most common acute manifestation of filariasis

A

acute dermatolymphagioadenitis (ADLA)

28
Q

ADLA has similar signs and symptoms w

A

cellulitis

29
Q

ADLA has same lesions as cellulitis which is caused by

A

group A Streptococcus pyogenes

30
Q

cause of ADLA

A

bacterial infection –> lymphagiogenesis

31
Q

deep-seated bacterial infection

A

cellulitis

32
Q

cellulitis is possible w someone who has

A

filariasis

33
Q

directly caused by adult worms that died spontaneoulsy or following treatment

A

acute filarial lymphagitis (AFL)

34
Q

evidence macrofilarial efficacy

A

acute filarial lymphagitis (AFL)

35
Q

acute filarial lymphagitis (AFL) is characterized by

A

lymphagitis

36
Q

lymphedema and elephantiasis: characteristic feature

A

FIBROSIS and CELLULAR HYPERPLASIA in and around the lymphatic walls

37
Q

parasite-induced endothelial cell proliferation leading to collaterization

A

lymphagiogenesis

37
Q

most common manifestation of chronic lymphatic filarisis

A

lymphedema

37
Q

infection acquired during

37
Q

parasite-induced lymphatic dilatation

A

lymphagiectasis

38
Q

adult worms in the lymph nodes cause inflammation that obstruct lymphatic vessles

A

lymphedema

39
Q

results in the obstruction of lymphatic of tunica vaginalis

A

filarial hydrocoele

40
Q

urine of patinet w filariasis has increased

A

chylomicrons

41
Q

caused by rupture of lymphatics in the kidney; milky urine

42
Q

chronic illness manifested by the presence of LYMPH and CHYLOMICRONS in the urine

43
Q

bacterium that infects the filarial worms; released from the filarial worm = induce inflammation

44
Q

microfilariae found in lungs and tissues causing an allergic reaction

A

tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

45
Q

specimen collected best done at night

A

thick blood smear *8pm-4am

46
Q

stimulates microfilariae into coming out of the peripheral circulation = allows daytime collection of blood smear

A

diethylcarbamazine provocative test

47
Q

preferred diagnostic method; used to diagnose a case w no microfilaria in the blood

A

circulating filarial antigens (CFA) detection

48
Q

diagnostic method for low intestity infection

A

knott’s concentration method

49
Q

reagent used in knott;s concentration method

A

formalin 2%

50
Q

function of formalin in knott concentration method

51
Q

stain used for knott’s concentration method

A

giemsa stain

52
Q

drug of choice; effective against adult and microfilaria

A

diethylcarbamazine

53
Q

anti-Wolbachia

A

doxycycline

54
Q

loa loa intermediate host

A

fly genus Chrysops

55
Q

common names of for Chrysops fly

A

deer fly
mango fly
horse fly

56
Q

LL: subcutaneous swelling through the tissues of the adult filarial ege

A

calabar swelling

57
Q

method for managament: eye worm loa loa

A

surgical removal

58
Q

diurnal periodicty of lola loa microfilariae

A

10am-2pm: peripheral blood

59
Q

describe loa loa microfilariae

A

cephalic space: 1:1
body nuclei: crowded/darkstained
nuclei up to the tip of tail
sheated
irregular curves: corkscrew appearance

60
Q

loa loa adult is found in

A

subcutaneous tissue

61
Q

loa loa diagnostic specimen

A

peripheral blood smear

62
Q

loa loa microfilariae found in

A

sputum
urine
spinal fluid
lungs
peripheral blood

3RD SEM 2J - PARA LEC (8 decks)

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