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3RD SEM 2J - PARA LEC > NEMATODES - Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura > Flashcards

NEMATODES - Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura Flashcards

1
Q

cylindrical or tubular-shaped (roundworms)

A

nematodes

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2
Q

segmented (tapeworms)

A

cestodes

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3
Q

unsegmented (flukes)

A

trematodes

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4
Q

well-developed/complete systems present in nematodes

A

reproductive system
digestive system

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5
Q

term used to explain nematodes having 2 separaye sexes (male and female)

A

dioecious

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6
Q

hermaphrodites or monoecious (1 worm = has both m and f reproductive organs)

A

cestodes and trematodes

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7
Q

produced by the hypodermis/epidermis that protects nematodes from gastric acid and digestive enzyme

A

cuticle

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8
Q

tapered - end; rounded - end of nematodes

A

posterior, anterior

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9
Q

layer found below epidermis, contracts

A

longitudinal muscle

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10
Q

> 6 muscles per quadrant

A

polymyarian

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11
Q

3-5 muscles per quadrant

A

meromyarian

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12
Q

1-2 muscles per quandrant

A

holomyarian

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13
Q

fluid-filled body cavity that functions to transport the nutrients absorbed from the intestine

A

pseudocoelom

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14
Q

group of nerve found around the pharynx; brain of the nematode

A

nerve ganglion/circumoral brain

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15
Q

4 brances of nerve arising the nerve ganglion

A

1 ventral nerve
1 dorsal nerve
2 lateral nerves

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16
Q

controls/branches to the dorsal and ventral nerve cords

A

muscles

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17
Q

chemoreceptors

cuticular depressions present on the lipds surrounding the mouth found ANTERIORLY

A

amphids

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18
Q

chemoreceptors - posterior

A

phasmid

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19
Q

nematodes habitats in humans - SMALL INTESTINE

A

(CHATS)

Capillaria philippinensis
Hookworm
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichinella spiralis
Strogyloides stercoralis

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20
Q

nematodes habitats in humans - LARGE INTESTINE

A

Trichuris trichiura
Enterobius vermicularis

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21
Q

aphasmids

A

Capillaria philippinensis
Trichinella spiralis
Trichuris trichiura

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22
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

holomyarian
meromyarian
polymyarian

A

polymyarian

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23
Q

A. lumbricoides: definitive host

A

human

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24
Q

A. lumbricoides: diagnostic stage

A

Unembryonated egg

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25
Q

A. lumbricoides: infective stage

A

embryonated egg

26
Q

A. lumbricoides: organs affected

A

lungs
small intestine

27
Q

embryonation duration for a. lumbricoides

A

3 weeks in the soil

28
Q

A. lumbricoides: diagnostic specimen

A

stool sample

29
Q

A. lumbricoides: mode of transmission

A

ingestion of embryonated ovum (soil-transmitted)

30
Q

A. lumbricoides: autoinfection?

31
Q

3 layers of ascaris ova

A

vitelline (innermost)
chitin (thick)
mammaliated albuminous coat

32
Q

mammaliated albuminous coat is present; rough
outer layer

A

corticated

33
Q

absent mammaliated albuminous coat; smooth
outer layer

A

decorticated

34
Q

pharynx 3 groups of muscle is called

A

triradiate pharynx

35
Q

triradiate pharynx

A

2 ventral lips
1 dorsal lip

36
Q

a disease in which eosinophils accumulate in the lungs in response to a parasitic infection

A

loeffler’s syndrome

37
Q

A. lumbricoides: severe infection can cause

A

intestinal obstruction (most common)
intussusception
volvulus

38
Q

treatment for A. lumbricoides

A

albendazole
mebendazole
pyrantel pamoate

39
Q

A. lumbricoides treatment: blocks the action of acetylcholine = parasite paralysis

A

pyrantel pamoate

40
Q

A. lumbricoides treatment: inihibits formation of microtubule = leads to parasite starvation - death

A

albendazole + mebendazole = benzimidazole

41
Q

T. trichiura: infective stage

A

embryonated egg

42
Q

T. trichiura: diagnostic stage

A

unembryonated egg

43
Q

ture or false: patient w Trichuriasis will have pulmonary symptoms

A

false; T. trichiura does not have larva-lung migration

44
Q

whipworm

A

T. trichiura

45
Q

T. trichiura: describe anterior and posterior ends

A

THIN - anterior
THICK - posterior

46
Q

allows T. trichiura anterior head to embed in the intestinal walls

47
Q

the presence of Trichuris will worsen this kind of parasite-related disease

48
Q

caused by severe infection of Trichuris

A

rectal prolapse

49
Q

T. trichiura: autoinfection ?

50
Q

describe the egg shape of T. trichiura

A

football-shaped, japanese lantern-shaped w prominent bipolar plugs

51
Q

drug of choice for T. trichiura

A

mebendazole

52
Q

alternative drug of choice for T. trichiura

A

albendazole

53
Q

A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura: patient suffers from rectal prolapse

A

trichuris trichiura

54
Q

A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura: pateint suffers from blood-streak tool which eventually leads to anemia

A

T. trichiura

55
Q

A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura: patient suffers from abdominal and pulmonary symptoms

A

A. lumbricoides

56
Q

A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura: enterorrhagia (intestinal bleeding)

A

T. trichiura

57
Q

A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura: lactose intolerance

A

A. lumbricoides

58
Q

A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura: vitamin A deficiency

A

A. lumbricoides

59
Q

A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura: requires regular deworming

A

A. lumbricoides

60
Q

A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura: petecchial hemorrhages

A

T. trichiura

3RD SEM 2J - PARA LEC (8 decks)

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