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3RD SEM 2J - PARA LEC > INTRO TO PARASITOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRO TO PARASITOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

area of biology concerned w the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another

A

parasitology

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2
Q

concerened w the ANIMAL PARASITES OF HUMANS and their medical significance, & importance in human communities

A

medical parasitology

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3
Q

deals w TROPICAL diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions

A

tropical medicine

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4
Q

illness- indigenous to or endemic in a tropical area; mostly parasitic diseases

A

tropical disease

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5
Q

living together of unlike organisms

A

symbiosis

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6
Q

symbiotic rel.; 2 species live together, 1 benefit w/o harming/benefitting the other (neutral)

A

commensalism

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7
Q

symbiosis; 2 mutually benefit from e/o

A

mutualism

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8
Q

parasite lives in/on host for survival; parasite harms the host

A

parasitism

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9
Q

biological rel.

  • always harm the host; parasite cannot live an independent life
A

parasitism

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10
Q

biological rel.

  • parasite is capable of living independently; does not cause infection to the host
A

commensalism

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11
Q

biological relationship

  • none of them were harmed; parasite and host are dependent upon each other
A

mutualism

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12
Q

biological relationships

A

commensalism
mutualism
parasitism

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13
Q

amoebiasis is also known as

A

amebic dysentry

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14
Q

amoebiasis is caused by

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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15
Q

entamoeba histolytica lives in the -

A

intestines

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16
Q

organisms which lives in/body of another organism for GROWTH AND SURVIVAL

A

parasite

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17
Q

plant/animal that harbors the parasite; larger than the parasite

A

host

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18
Q

parasites acc. to habitat

  • infestation
A

ECtoparasite

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19
Q

para acc. to habitat

  • infection
A

ENdoparasite

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20
Q

para acc. to rel. w host

  • take up PERMANENT residence in and are COMPLETELY DEPENDENT upon the host
A

obligate

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21
Q

para acc. to its rel. w host

  • capable of leading both a FREE and a PARASITIC EXISTENCE even if they are outide the body of host
A

facultative

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22
Q

para acc. to its rel. w host

  • visit the host only during FEEDING time
A

intermittent

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23
Q

para acc. to its rel. w host

  • establishes itself in a host which it does not ordinarily live
A

incidental/accidental

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24
Q

para acc. to its rel. w host

  • remains on or in the body of the host from EARLY LIFE until MATURITY , sometimes for its entire LIFE CYCLE
A

Permanent

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25
Q

para acc. to its rel. w host

  • artifacts mistaken as parasites (pollen, hairs)
A

pseudoparasite

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26
Q

para acc. to its rel. w host

  • lives on the host only for a SHORT PERIOD of time
A

temporary

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27
Q

para acc. to its rel. w host

  • a free living-organism that passes through the DIGESTIVE TRACT w/o infecting the host
A

spurious parasite

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28
Q

classification of hosts

  • harbors SEXUAL/ADULT stages/TERMINAL/FINAL stages of the parasite (HUMANS)
A

definitive host

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29
Q

classification of hosts

  • harbors the ASEXUAL stages/LARVALstages of the parasite (SNAIL)
A

intermediate host

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30
Q

classification of hosts

  • host acts as a TRANSPORTING agent for the parasite; parasite does NOT UNDERGO any development (PRAWNS)
A

paratenic host

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31
Q

classification of hosts

  • host in which the parasite is maintained and act as a SOURCE OF INFECTION for new cases (RODENTS)
A

reservoir

32
Q

classification of hosts

  • refers to a situtation in which the infected individual is NOT NECESSARY for the parasite SURVIVAL/DEVELOPMENT (TRICHINOSIS)
A

incidental host

32
Q

each parasite belongs to a

A

(PCOFGS)

Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

33
Q

further divisions of parasites

A

superfamily
subfamily
suborder
subspecies

34
Q

family name

A

-idae

35
Q

superfamily

A

-oidea

36
Q

subfamily

A

-inae

37
Q

true or false

names are BINOMIAL - SPECIES; TRINOMIAL - SUBSPECIES

A

TRUE

38
Q

modes of transmission

  • undergo development in the SOIL to reach infective stage
A

soil-transmitted

39
Q

modes of transmission

  • undergo further development in the SNAIL to reach infective stage
A

snail-transmitted

40
Q

modes of transmission

  • undergo further development in INSECT VECTORS to reach infective stage
A

arthropod transmitted

41
Q

modes of transmission

  • parasite is really infective; not have to go further development
A

contact transmitted

42
Q

modes of transmission

  • animal to human (zooanthroponosis)
A

animal-borne

43
Q

modes of transmission

  • transmission by air
A

airborne

44
Q

modes of transmission

  • infecting one’s self
A

autoinfection

45
Q

Modes of transmission

A

soil-transmitted
snail-transmitted
contact-transmitted
arthropod transmitted
animal-borne
airborne
autoinfection

46
Q

portals of entry

  • ingestion of embryonated eggs, cysts
A

mouth (oral cavity)

47
Q

portals of entry

  • active penetration
A

skin

48
Q

portals of entry

skin: hookworm

A

filariform larvae

49
Q

portals of entry

skin: schistosomes

A

cercariae

49
Q

portals of entry

sexual contact

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

50
Q

portals of entry

transplacental

A

Toxoplasma gondii

51
Q

portals of entry

transmammary

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

52
Q

portals of entry

intranasal

A

Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba culbertsoni

53
Q

portals of exit

A

stool
urine
sputum
blood
tissue biopsy

54
Q

portals of exit

recovery of ova

A

stool

55
Q

portals of exit

urine

A

T. vaginalis
S. haematobium

56
Q

portals of exit

sputum

A

Paragonimus westermani

57
Q

portals of exit

blood

A

microfilaria, gametocytes

58
Q

portals of exit

tissue biopsy: muscle

A

Trichinella spiralis (encysted larva)
Taenia solium (cysticercus cellulosae)
Diphyllobothrium latum (sparganum)

59
Q

portals of exit

tissue biopsy: rectal biopsy

A

amoebiasis
secondary Schistosoma infection

60
Q

study of patterns, distribution, and occurence of disease

A

epidemiology

61
Q

number of NEW CASES OF INFECTION appearing in a population in a given period of time

A

incidence

62
Q

number (percentage) if individuals in a population est. to be infected w a PARTICULAR PARASITE species at a given time

A

prevalence

63
Q

percentage of indiv. in a popu. infected w AT LEAST ONE PARASITE

A

cumulative parasite

64
Q

3 factors involved in transmission of parasites

A

source of infection
mode of transmission
presence of susceptible host

65
Q

human being when infected by a parasite may serve as

A
  • only host
  • principal host w other animals also infected
  • incidental host w 1 or other animals as principal host
66
Q

responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another

A

vectors

67
Q

transmits the parasite only after complete development within the host; essential in the parasite’s life cycle

A

biological vector

68
Q

vector that only transports the parasite

A

mechanical/phoretic vector

69
Q

harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms

A

carrier

70
Q

process of inoculating an infective agent

A

exposure

71
Q

establishment of the infective agent in the host

A

infection

72
Q

period between INFECTION and EVIDENCE of symptoms

A

incubation/clinical incubation period

73
Q

period between INFECTION/ACQUISITION OF THE PARASITE and EVIDENCE or demonstration of infection

A

pre-patent/ biologic incubation period

74
Q

period of weakness; undetected by immune system

A

prodormal period

3RD SEM 2J - PARA LEC (8 decks)

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