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Tissue level organization Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of tissues in the body

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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2
Q

types of glands in the epithelial tissue

A

Exocrine

Endocrine

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3
Q

glands that secrete onto external services, into internal passageways

A

EXocrine

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4
Q

glands that secrete hormones in the interstitial fluid, then enter bloodstream

A

Endocrine

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5
Q

exposed surface of epithelial vs. attached surface

A

apical vs. base

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6
Q

thin, flat epithelia

A

squamous

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7
Q

box-like epithelia

A

cuboidal

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8
Q

tall rectangle-like epithelia

A

columnar

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9
Q

one layered epithelium

A

simple epithelium

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10
Q

several layered epithelium

A

stratified epithelium

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11
Q

epithelial connections that are very closely connected, to prevent contact b/w inside and outside, ex. intestinal tract

A

tight junctions

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12
Q

this locks together the basal regions of connected cells, preventing distortion and leakage at tight junctions

A

adhesion belt

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13
Q

these allow communication with adjacent cells, small spaces b/w cells

A

gap junctions

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14
Q

these interlock the cytoskeletons of cells, providing firm attachment to each other

A

desmosomes

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15
Q

these attach the deepest epithelium to basement membrane; at the site where the base epithelia attach to other tissues

A

hemidesmosomes

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16
Q

noncellular structure produced by the basal surface of the epithelium and the connective tissue underneath

A

basement membrane

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17
Q

epithelia lack blood vessels, so are called this

A

avascular

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18
Q

simple squamous epithelium that lines the inside of the heart and all blood vessels

A

endothelium

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19
Q

simple squamous epithelium that lines the peritoneal, pericardium, and pleural body cavities

A

mesothelium

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20
Q

epithelium that covers areas where physical and chemical stresses are more severe, ex. skin, mouth, throat, rectum

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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21
Q

epithelium that contain keratin are called this; makes them water resistant

A

keratinized

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22
Q

epithelium that will dry out if not kept moist do not have keratin and are called this

A

nonkeratinized

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23
Q

epithelium that cover areas where absorption takes place, ex kidneys, box

A

simple cuboidal

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24
Q

rare type of epithelium that are in mammary glands, sweat ducts

A

stratified cuboidal

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25
rare type of epithelium that is able to stretch then return to normal over and over again, ex. bladder, ureters where volume changes greatly
transitional epithelium
26
epithelium type where aborption and secretion is common, ex small intestine, stomach, gallbladder; also in uterine tubes and kidneys
simple columnar epithelial
27
epithelium that appears to be layered, but is actually still attached to basement membrane; usually have motile cilia; nasal cavity, trachea (windpipe), and airways of lungs
pseudostratified columnar
28
secretion that occurs by exocytosis, vesicles move substance out of the cell ex. mucin which makes mucus when mixed with water
merocrine
29
secretion that involves loss of cytoplasm as well as the substance being secreted, ex milk production (in conjunction with merocrine
apocrine
30
secretion that occurs when gland cells burst
holocrine
31
gland that has a single duct that does not divide on its way to the gland cells inside
simple gland
32
gland that has a duct that divides one or more times on its way to the gland cells inside
compound gland
33
extracellular fibers and ground substance mix to make up this in connective tissue
matrix - makes up most of volume in connective tissue
34
type of connective tissue that has many types of cells and extracellular fibers in syrupy ground substance
connective tissue proper
35
type of connective tissue with specific makeup of cells in a watery matrix
fluid connective
36
type of connective tissue with less cell diversity and matrix that contains more densely packed fibers - stronger
supporting connective
37
three types of loose connective tissue
aerolar adipose reticular
38
most common and least specialized form of connective tissue proper; general packing material in the body
aerolar tissue
39
connective tissue found deep to the skin; esp flanks, buttocks, breasts
adipose tissue
40
connective tissue that is tough and flexible, provides support and resists distortion; liver, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow; has stroma
reticular tissue
41
reticular fibers create this complex 3-D supporting network
stroma
42
three types of dense connective tissue
dense regular connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue elastic tissue
43
dense tissue found in tendons and ligaments
dense regular connective tissue
44
dense tissue that is an interwoven meshwork with no pattern; covers visceral organs, cover bones/cartilage/peripheral nerves; thick supporting layer in the skin
dense irregular connective tissue
45
dense tissue that is made of more elastic fibers than collagen fibers
elastic tissue
46
tissues that have an aqueous matrix; in blood, it's called plasma
fluid connective tissue
47
blood cells and platelets are considered these; suspended in plasma
formed elements
48
type of fluid connective tissue that blood cells and platelets are suspended in
plasma
49
type of fluid connective tissue that is formed as interstitial fluid drains into the lymphatic vessels that begin in peripheral tissues and empty into venous system
Lymph
50
name of cartilage cells
chondrocytes
51
cartilage found at moveable joints, b/w tips of ribs and sternum, respiratory passageway, nasal septum
hyaline carilage
52
cartilage that supports external ear and other small internal structures
elastic cartilage
53
cartilage found in the knee joint, b/w pubic bones, in vertebral column; extremely durable and touch, matrix is mostly densely interwoven collagen fibers
fibrocartilage
54
small chambers that chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and osteocytes (bone cells) occupy
lacunae
55
separates cartilage from surrounding tissues; has outer fibrous layer and inner layer of cells; has blood vessels that supply nutrients to cartilage
perichondrium
56
bone tissue, also called this
osseous tissue
57
tissue made of calcium salts and collagen fibers
bone tissue
58
weight-bearing outer layer of bone
compact bone
59
fine network lining interior of bone
spongy bone
60
covers bone surfaces; | fibrous outer layer, cellular inner layer
periosteum
61
fine passageways (canals) w/in bone tissue that allow exchange of materials b/w blood vessels and osteocytes
canaliculi
62
sensory nerve and blood vessels at center of osteon that supply oxygen and nutrients to osteocytes
central canal
63
structure within bone made of concentric circles of osteocytes
osteon
64
4 types of tissue membranes
mucous serous cutaneous synovial
65
membranes that line passageways that communicate with the exterior - digestive, respiratory, reproductive, urinary; must be kept moist
mucous
66
membranes that are made up of mesothelium and areolar tissue; three types: pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum
serous
67
membrane that covers the surface of the body; | stratified squamous epithelium + areolar tissue + underlying dense connective tissue
cutaneous
68
membrane that fills joint cavities - lies in between the cartilage on the opposing bones
synovial
69
3 types of fasciae (tissue that supports surrounding organs)
superficial fascia deep fascia subserous fascia
70
fascia that lies b/w skin and underlying organs; | areolar and adipose tissues
superficial
71
fascia that forms strong, fibrous internal framework; | dense regular connective tissue
deep fascia
72
fascia that lies b/w serous membranes and deep fascia; | areolar tissue only
subserous fascia
73
this tissue makes up 50% of bodyweight
muscle
74
this muscle tissue moves the body by pulling on bones
muscle
75
this muscle tissue contracts to move blood through the heart and body
cardiac
76
this muscle tissue contracts to move fluids/solids through digestive tract; maintains diameters of small arteries
smooth
77
muscle tissue that has multinucleate cells that are striated (long, cylindrical, and banded)
skeletal
78
muscle tissue that has single-nucleus cells that are short, branched, striated
cardiac
79
muscle tissue that has single-nucleus cells that are non-striated, short and spindle shaped
smooth
80
two types of cells in nervous tissue
neurons and neuroglia
81
three major components of a neuron
dendrites - receive info (branches, treelike axons - conducts info from dendrites to other cells (long, tail-like) cell body - houses large nucleus and organelles; no centrioles, can't divide

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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