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Anatomy & Physiology > Tissue level organization > Flashcards

Tissue level organization Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of tissues in the body

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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2
Q

types of glands in the epithelial tissue

A

Exocrine

Endocrine

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3
Q

glands that secrete onto external services, into internal passageways

A

EXocrine

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4
Q

glands that secrete hormones in the interstitial fluid, then enter bloodstream

A

Endocrine

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5
Q

exposed surface of epithelial vs. attached surface

A

apical vs. base

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6
Q

thin, flat epithelia

A

squamous

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7
Q

box-like epithelia

A

cuboidal

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8
Q

tall rectangle-like epithelia

A

columnar

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9
Q

one layered epithelium

A

simple epithelium

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10
Q

several layered epithelium

A

stratified epithelium

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11
Q

epithelial connections that are very closely connected, to prevent contact b/w inside and outside, ex. intestinal tract

A

tight junctions

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12
Q

this locks together the basal regions of connected cells, preventing distortion and leakage at tight junctions

A

adhesion belt

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13
Q

these allow communication with adjacent cells, small spaces b/w cells

A

gap junctions

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14
Q

these interlock the cytoskeletons of cells, providing firm attachment to each other

A

desmosomes

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15
Q

these attach the deepest epithelium to basement membrane; at the site where the base epithelia attach to other tissues

A

hemidesmosomes

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16
Q

noncellular structure produced by the basal surface of the epithelium and the connective tissue underneath

A

basement membrane

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17
Q

epithelia lack blood vessels, so are called this

A

avascular

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18
Q

simple squamous epithelium that lines the inside of the heart and all blood vessels

A

endothelium

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19
Q

simple squamous epithelium that lines the peritoneal, pericardium, and pleural body cavities

A

mesothelium

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20
Q

epithelium that covers areas where physical and chemical stresses are more severe, ex. skin, mouth, throat, rectum

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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21
Q

epithelium that contain keratin are called this; makes them water resistant

A

keratinized

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22
Q

epithelium that will dry out if not kept moist do not have keratin and are called this

A

nonkeratinized

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23
Q

epithelium that cover areas where absorption takes place, ex kidneys, box

A

simple cuboidal

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24
Q

rare type of epithelium that are in mammary glands, sweat ducts

A

stratified cuboidal

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25
Q

rare type of epithelium that is able to stretch then return to normal over and over again, ex. bladder, ureters where volume changes greatly

A

transitional epithelium

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26
Q

epithelium type where aborption and secretion is common, ex small intestine, stomach, gallbladder; also in uterine tubes and kidneys

A

simple columnar epithelial

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27
Q

epithelium that appears to be layered, but is actually still attached to basement membrane;
usually have motile cilia;
nasal cavity, trachea (windpipe), and airways of lungs

A

pseudostratified columnar

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28
Q

secretion that occurs by exocytosis, vesicles move substance out of the cell
ex. mucin which makes mucus when mixed with water

A

merocrine

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29
Q

secretion that involves loss of cytoplasm as well as the substance being secreted, ex milk production (in conjunction with merocrine

A

apocrine

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30
Q

secretion that occurs when gland cells burst

A

holocrine

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31
Q

gland that has a single duct that does not divide on its way to the gland cells inside

A

simple gland

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32
Q

gland that has a duct that divides one or more times on its way to the gland cells inside

A

compound gland

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33
Q

extracellular fibers and ground substance mix to make up this in connective tissue

A

matrix - makes up most of volume in connective tissue

34
Q

type of connective tissue that has many types of cells and extracellular fibers in syrupy ground substance

A

connective tissue proper

35
Q

type of connective tissue with specific makeup of cells in a watery matrix

A

fluid connective

36
Q

type of connective tissue with less cell diversity and matrix that contains more densely packed fibers - stronger

A

supporting connective

37
Q

three types of loose connective tissue

A

aerolar
adipose
reticular

38
Q

most common and least specialized form of connective tissue proper; general packing material in the body

A

aerolar tissue

39
Q

connective tissue found deep to the skin; esp flanks, buttocks, breasts

A

adipose tissue

40
Q

connective tissue that is tough and flexible, provides support and resists distortion;
liver, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow;
has stroma

A

reticular tissue

41
Q

reticular fibers create this complex 3-D supporting network

A

stroma

42
Q

three types of dense connective tissue

A

dense regular connective tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
elastic tissue

43
Q

dense tissue found in tendons and ligaments

A

dense regular connective tissue

44
Q

dense tissue that is an interwoven meshwork with no pattern;
covers visceral organs, cover bones/cartilage/peripheral nerves;
thick supporting layer in the skin

A

dense irregular connective tissue

45
Q

dense tissue that is made of more elastic fibers than collagen fibers

A

elastic tissue

46
Q

tissues that have an aqueous matrix; in blood, it’s called plasma

A

fluid connective tissue

47
Q

blood cells and platelets are considered these; suspended in plasma

A

formed elements

48
Q

type of fluid connective tissue that blood cells and platelets are suspended in

A

plasma

49
Q

type of fluid connective tissue that is formed as interstitial fluid drains into the lymphatic vessels that begin in peripheral tissues and empty into venous system

A

Lymph

50
Q

name of cartilage cells

A

chondrocytes

51
Q

cartilage found at moveable joints, b/w tips of ribs and sternum, respiratory passageway, nasal septum

A

hyaline carilage

52
Q

cartilage that supports external ear and other small internal structures

A

elastic cartilage

53
Q

cartilage found in the knee joint, b/w pubic bones, in vertebral column;
extremely durable and touch, matrix is mostly densely interwoven collagen fibers

A

fibrocartilage

54
Q

small chambers that chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and osteocytes (bone cells) occupy

A

lacunae

55
Q

separates cartilage from surrounding tissues;
has outer fibrous layer and inner layer of cells;
has blood vessels that supply nutrients to cartilage

A

perichondrium

56
Q

bone tissue, also called this

A

osseous tissue

57
Q

tissue made of calcium salts and collagen fibers

A

bone tissue

58
Q

weight-bearing outer layer of bone

A

compact bone

59
Q

fine network lining interior of bone

A

spongy bone

60
Q

covers bone surfaces;

fibrous outer layer, cellular inner layer

A

periosteum

61
Q

fine passageways (canals) w/in bone tissue that allow exchange of materials b/w blood vessels and osteocytes

A

canaliculi

62
Q

sensory nerve and blood vessels at center of osteon that supply oxygen and nutrients to osteocytes

A

central canal

63
Q

structure within bone made of concentric circles of osteocytes

A

osteon

64
Q

4 types of tissue membranes

A

mucous
serous
cutaneous
synovial

65
Q

membranes that line passageways that communicate with the exterior - digestive, respiratory, reproductive, urinary;

must be kept moist

A

mucous

66
Q

membranes that are made up of mesothelium and areolar tissue;
three types: pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum

A

serous

67
Q

membrane that covers the surface of the body;

stratified squamous epithelium + areolar tissue + underlying dense connective tissue

A

cutaneous

68
Q

membrane that fills joint cavities - lies in between the cartilage on the opposing bones

A

synovial

69
Q

3 types of fasciae (tissue that supports surrounding organs)

A

superficial fascia
deep fascia
subserous fascia

70
Q

fascia that lies b/w skin and underlying organs;

areolar and adipose tissues

A

superficial

71
Q

fascia that forms strong, fibrous internal framework;

dense regular connective tissue

A

deep fascia

72
Q

fascia that lies b/w serous membranes and deep fascia;

areolar tissue only

A

subserous fascia

73
Q

this tissue makes up 50% of bodyweight

A

muscle

74
Q

this muscle tissue moves the body by pulling on bones

A

muscle

75
Q

this muscle tissue contracts to move blood through the heart and body

A

cardiac

76
Q

this muscle tissue contracts to move fluids/solids through digestive tract; maintains diameters of small arteries

A

smooth

77
Q

muscle tissue that has multinucleate cells that are striated (long, cylindrical, and banded)

A

skeletal

78
Q

muscle tissue that has single-nucleus cells that are short, branched, striated

A

cardiac

79
Q

muscle tissue that has single-nucleus cells that are non-striated, short and spindle shaped

A

smooth

80
Q

two types of cells in nervous tissue

A

neurons and neuroglia

81
Q

three major components of a neuron

A

dendrites - receive info (branches, treelike
axons - conducts info from dendrites to other cells (long, tail-like)
cell body - houses large nucleus and organelles; no centrioles, can’t divide

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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