Bones and Skeleton

Question 1

bone type that is thin, with roughly parallel surfaces;

Answer 1

flat bones

Question 2

bone type that forms the roof of the skull, the ribs, and the scapulae

Answer 2

flat bones

Question 3

bone type found between the flat bones of the skull;

shaped like a jigsaw puzzle

Answer 3

sutural bones; “suture” other bones together

Question 4

bone type that is elongated and slender;

found in limbs, hands and feet

Answer 4

long bones

Question 5

bone type that has complex shapes;

vertebrae, pelvis, some skull bones

Answer 5

irregular bones

Question 6

projections, depressions, and openings related to particular functions of the bones

Answer 6

bone markings

Question 7

large passageway through a bone (ex eye socket)

Answer 7

canal or meatus

Question 8

chamber within a bone that is normally filled with air

Answer 8

sinus

Question 9

general term for bone marking that indicates where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach and where adjacent bones form muscles

Answer 9

projections

Question 10

general term for bone marking that indicate where blood vessels and nerves lie alongside or penetrate the bone

Answer 10

depressions and openings

Question 11

a term for projections or bumps

Answer 11

process

Question 12

small, rounded passageway that allows blood vessels and nerves to penetrate bone

Answer 12

foramen

Question 13

bone marking that is an elongated cleft or gap

Answer 13

fissure

Question 14

bone marking that is an expanded proximal end of long bone that forms part of the joint

Answer 14

head

Question 15

bone marking that is a small rounded projection at the proximal end of long bone

Answer 15

tubercle

Question 16

bone marking that is a deep, narrow groove at proximal end of long bone

Answer 16

sulcus

Question 17

bone marking that is a small, rough projection on a broad area of bone surface

Answer 17

tuberosity

Question 18

the elongated body or shaft of long bone

Answer 18

diaphysis

Question 19

bone marking that is a smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley, distal end of long bone

Answer 19

trochlea

Question 20

bone marking that is a smooth, rounded articular process at distal end of long bone

Answer 20

condyle

Question 21

bone marking that is a large, rough projection at proximal end of femur (thigh bone)

Answer 21

trochanter

Question 22

bone marking that is a narrow connection b/w the head of the bone and the diaphysis of the bone

Answer 22

neck

Question 23

bone marking that is a small, flat articular surface at distal end of long bone

Answer 23

facet

Question 24

bone marking that is a prominent ridge (ex in pelvis)

Answer 24

crest

Question 25

bone marking that is a shallow depression or recess in surface of bone (ex in pelvis)

Answer 25

fossa

Question 26

bone marking that is a low ridge that is more delicate than a crest

Answer 26

line

Question 27

bone marking that is a pointed or narrow process

Answer 27

spine

Question 28

bone marking that is a thick projection that makes an angle w/ the main body and the bone

Answer 28

ramus

Question 29

whole expanded area of each end of long bones

Answer 29

epiphysis

Question 30

narrow zone that connects the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones

Answer 30

metaphysis

Question 31

this occupies the empty space in ends of long bones

Answer 31

spongy bones

Question 32

cavity that is the space in the hollow shaft of long bone

Answer 32

medullary cavity (medulla = innermost)

Question 33

marrow that is highly vascular and involved in blood cell production

Answer 33

red marrow

Question 34

marrow that is made of adipose connective tissue and is used for energy storage in form of lipids

Answer 34

yellow marrow

Question 35

this hyaline cartilage covers portions of the epiphysis that articulate with other bones

Answer 35

articular cartilage

Question 36

these vessels carry blood to and from the metaphysis

Answer 36

metaphyseal artery (blood in) and metaphyseal vein (blood out)

Question 37

these vessels carry blood into the bone diaphysis of the bone; enter through the nutrient foramen

Answer 37

nutrient artery (in) and nutrient vein (out)

Question 38

this bone marking is a passageway that allows the nutrient artery and nutrient vein to enter the bone

Answer 38

nutrient foramen

Question 39

membrane that surrounds the outer bone surface; | lots of blood and lymphatic vessels, and sensory nerves that supply the bones

Answer 39

periosteum

Question 40

bone cells that come from embryonic mesenchymal cells; found in inner, cellular layer of periosteum; divide to create osteoblasts

Answer 40

osteogenic or osteoprogenitor cells

Question 41

bone cells that produce new bone matrix by releasing proteins and minerals; help increase calcium salts which turns osteoid into bone matrix

Answer 41

osteoblasts

Question 42

process that osteoblasts perform to turn osteoid into bone matrix

Answer 42

ossification or osteogenesis

Question 43

this is what the bone matrix is called before calcium salts make it hard

Answer 43

osteoid

Question 44

mature bone cells; | constantly recycle minerals and proteins in matrix

Answer 44

osteocytes

Question 45

bone cells that take apart bone matrix; large, 50+ nuclei; evolved from phagocytic cells

Answer 45

osteoclasts

Question 46

process that osteoclasts perform to take apart matrix and release the minerals

Answer 46

osteolysis (lysis = loosening)

Question 47

the calcium salt that binds to collagen fibers in bones and makes bone strong and slightly flexible

Answer 47

hydroxyapatite

Question 48

8 bones form this part of the skull

Answer 48

cranium - brain case

Question 49

14 bones form this part of the head

Answer 49

face

Question 50

bones of the face; 14 total

Answer 50

``` maxillae - 2 palatine bones - 2 nasal bones - 2 inferior nasal conchae - 2 zygomatic bones - 2 lacrimal bones - 2 vomer - 1 mandible - 1 ```

Question 51

bones of the cranium; 8 total

Answer 51

``` occipital - 1 parietal bones - 2 frontal bone - 1 temporal bone - 2 spenoid - 1 ethmoid - 1 ```

Question 52

accessory bones in skull

Answer 52

hyoid bone - 1 | auditory ossicles enclosed in temporal bones - 6

Question 53

dense fibrous conn tiss that binds bones together in the skull

Answer 53

sutures

Question 54

this suture binds the frontal and parietal bones

Answer 54

coronal suture

Question 55

this suture binds the temporal bone to the parietal bone on each side of skull

Answer 55

squamous suture

Question 56

this suture extends from lamboid suture up to the coronal suture between the parietal bones

Answer 56

sagittal suture (think sagittal plane)

Question 57

this suture arches across the rear of the skull, binding the occipital bone to the two parietal bones

Answer 57

lambdoid suture