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Anatomy & Physiology > Bones and Skeleton > Flashcards

Bones and Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

bone type that is thin, with roughly parallel surfaces;

A

flat bones

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2
Q

bone type that forms the roof of the skull, the ribs, and the scapulae

A

flat bones

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3
Q

bone type found between the flat bones of the skull;

shaped like a jigsaw puzzle

A

sutural bones; “suture” other bones together

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4
Q

bone type that is elongated and slender;

found in limbs, hands and feet

A

long bones

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5
Q

bone type that has complex shapes;

vertebrae, pelvis, some skull bones

A

irregular bones

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6
Q

projections, depressions, and openings related to particular functions of the bones

A

bone markings

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7
Q

large passageway through a bone (ex eye socket)

A

canal or meatus

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8
Q

chamber within a bone that is normally filled with air

A

sinus

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9
Q

general term for bone marking that indicates where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach and where adjacent bones form muscles

A

projections

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10
Q

general term for bone marking that indicate where blood vessels and nerves lie alongside or penetrate the bone

A

depressions and openings

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11
Q

a term for projections or bumps

A

process

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12
Q

small, rounded passageway that allows blood vessels and nerves to penetrate bone

A

foramen

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13
Q

bone marking that is an elongated cleft or gap

A

fissure

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14
Q

bone marking that is an expanded proximal end of long bone that forms part of the joint

A

head

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15
Q

bone marking that is a small rounded projection at the proximal end of long bone

A

tubercle

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16
Q

bone marking that is a deep, narrow groove at proximal end of long bone

A

sulcus

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17
Q

bone marking that is a small, rough projection on a broad area of bone surface

A

tuberosity

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18
Q

the elongated body or shaft of long bone

A

diaphysis

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19
Q

bone marking that is a smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley, distal end of long bone

A

trochlea

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20
Q

bone marking that is a smooth, rounded articular process at distal end of long bone

A

condyle

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21
Q

bone marking that is a large, rough projection at proximal end of femur (thigh bone)

A

trochanter

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22
Q

bone marking that is a narrow connection b/w the head of the bone and the diaphysis of the bone

A

neck

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23
Q

bone marking that is a small, flat articular surface at distal end of long bone

A

facet

24
Q

bone marking that is a prominent ridge (ex in pelvis)

A

crest

25
Q

bone marking that is a shallow depression or recess in surface of bone (ex in pelvis)

A

fossa

26
Q

bone marking that is a low ridge that is more delicate than a crest

A

line

27
Q

bone marking that is a pointed or narrow process

A

spine

28
Q

bone marking that is a thick projection that makes an angle w/ the main body and the bone

A

ramus

29
Q

whole expanded area of each end of long bones

A

epiphysis

30
Q

narrow zone that connects the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones

A

metaphysis

31
Q

this occupies the empty space in ends of long bones

A

spongy bones

32
Q

cavity that is the space in the hollow shaft of long bone

A

medullary cavity (medulla = innermost)

33
Q

marrow that is highly vascular and involved in blood cell production

A

red marrow

34
Q

marrow that is made of adipose connective tissue and is used for energy storage in form of lipids

A

yellow marrow

35
Q

this hyaline cartilage covers portions of the epiphysis that articulate with other bones

A

articular cartilage

36
Q

these vessels carry blood to and from the metaphysis

A

metaphyseal artery (blood in) and metaphyseal vein (blood out)

37
Q

these vessels carry blood into the bone diaphysis of the bone;
enter through the nutrient foramen

A

nutrient artery (in) and nutrient vein (out)

38
Q

this bone marking is a passageway that allows the nutrient artery and nutrient vein to enter the bone

A

nutrient foramen

39
Q

membrane that surrounds the outer bone surface;

lots of blood and lymphatic vessels, and sensory nerves that supply the bones

A

periosteum

40
Q

bone cells that come from embryonic mesenchymal cells;
found in inner, cellular layer of periosteum;
divide to create osteoblasts

A

osteogenic or osteoprogenitor cells

41
Q

bone cells that produce new bone matrix by releasing proteins and minerals;
help increase calcium salts which turns osteoid into bone matrix

A

osteoblasts

42
Q

process that osteoblasts perform to turn osteoid into bone matrix

A

ossification or osteogenesis

43
Q

this is what the bone matrix is called before calcium salts make it hard

A

osteoid

44
Q

mature bone cells;

constantly recycle minerals and proteins in matrix

A

osteocytes

45
Q

bone cells that take apart bone matrix;
large, 50+ nuclei;
evolved from phagocytic cells

A

osteoclasts

46
Q

process that osteoclasts perform to take apart matrix and release the minerals

A

osteolysis (lysis = loosening)

47
Q

the calcium salt that binds to collagen fibers in bones and makes bone strong and slightly flexible

A

hydroxyapatite

48
Q

8 bones form this part of the skull

A

cranium - brain case

49
Q

14 bones form this part of the head

A

face

50
Q

bones of the face; 14 total

A 
maxillae - 2
palatine bones - 2
nasal bones - 2 
inferior nasal conchae - 2
zygomatic bones - 2
lacrimal bones - 2
vomer - 1
mandible - 1
51
Q

bones of the cranium; 8 total

A 
occipital - 1
parietal bones - 2
frontal bone - 1
temporal bone - 2
spenoid - 1
ethmoid - 1
52
Q

accessory bones in skull

A

hyoid bone - 1

auditory ossicles enclosed in temporal bones - 6

53
Q

dense fibrous conn tiss that binds bones together in the skull

A

sutures

54
Q

this suture binds the frontal and parietal bones

A

coronal suture

55
Q

this suture binds the temporal bone to the parietal bone on each side of skull

A

squamous suture

56
Q

this suture extends from lamboid suture up to the coronal suture between the parietal bones

A

sagittal suture (think sagittal plane)

57
Q

this suture arches across the rear of the skull, binding the occipital bone to the two parietal bones

A

lambdoid suture

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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