Anatomical Terms Flashcards by Hillary Turner

adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis

homeostatic regulation

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can detect environmental changes or stimulus

receptor

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receives and processes information from receptor and sends out commands

control center

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responds to commands from control center by opposing the stimulus

effector

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when an effector activated by the control center negates the original stimulus

negative feedback

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when an effector activated by the control center causes an exaggeration or enhancement of the change in original condition

positive feedback

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when a reaction is continuously exaggerated by the chemicals being released

positive feedback loop

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forehead

frontal

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skull

cranial

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Face

facial

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head

Cephalic

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mouth

oral

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chin

mental

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armpit

Axillary

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arm - upper

brachial

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front of elbow

antecubital

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forearm

Antebrachial

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wrist

Carpal

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palm

Palmar

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thumb

Pollex

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fingers and toes

Digits (phalanges)

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kneecap

Patellar

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leg - lower

Crural

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ankles

Tarsal

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big toe

Hallux

nose

Nasal

eye

Ocular, orbital

ear

Otic

cheek

Buccal

neck

Cervical

chest, thorax

Thoracic

breast

Mammary

abdomen

Abdominal

navel

Umbilical

Pelvis

pelvic

chest and abdomen

trunk

hand

Manual

groin

Inguinal

pubis

pubic

thigh

Femoral

foot

pedal

shoulder

Acromial

vertebral

spinal

back

Dorsal

back of elbow

Olecranal

loin (side of body)

lumbar

buttock

Gluteal

back of knee

Popliteal

calf

Sural

heel of foot

Calcaneal

sole of foot

Plantar

arm - whole

Upper limb

leg - whole

Lower limb

Abdominopelvic regions

``` Right hypochondriac Right lumbar Right inguinal Epigastric Umbilical Hypogastric Left hypochondriac Left lumbar Left inguinal ```

towards the head

Cranial/Cephalic

above

Superior

toward the point of attachment of a limb to the tunk

proximal

away from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

distal

away from the midline

lateral

toward the midline

medial

below

Inferior

at or near the surface of the body

Superficial

toward the interior of the body, farther from the surface

deep

the back surface

Posterior/ Dorsal

front surface/belly side

Anterior/Ventral

toward the tail

caudal

separates anterior and posterior sections

frontal/coronal plane

separates right and left sections

sagittal plane

right/left plane that passes through the midline, equal parts

midsagittal plane

right/left plane that misses the midline - unequal sides

parasagittal plane

cross section; separates superior & inferior portions

transverse plane

organs that are partially or completely enclosed in a body cavity; do not float in the cavity, are connected to the body

visceral organs

fluid-filled space b/w the inner and outer layer of the serous pericardium

pericardial cavity

surrounds heart; has outer fibrous pericardium & inner serous pericardium

pericardium

- covers viscera (organs) and lines body cavities | - secretes fluid to keep surfaces moist and reduce friction

serous membranes

encloses organs in the chest area

thoracic cavity

encloses organs in the abdomen and pelvic areas

abdominopelvic cavity

- lungs are enclosed in these cavities | - lined by "pleura" - slippery serous membrane

pleural cavities

heart is embedded in this mass of connective tissue; separates the two pleural cavities

mediastinum

- cavity within the abdominopelvic cavity | - lined by serous membrane called "peritoneum"

peritoneal cavity

behind the peritoneal cavity

Retroperitoneal

inferior (below) the peritoneal cavity

infraperitoneal

muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

diaphragm