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Anatomy & Physiology > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

cutaneuous membrane is made up of these two layers

A

epidermis (epi = above) and dermis (papillary + reticular layers)

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2
Q

layer that separates cutaneous membrane from organs below; not part of integument

A

hypodermis

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3
Q

network of arteries and veins that service the tissues of the integumentary system

A

cutaneous plexus

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4
Q

these cells are the most abundant epithelial cells; form several layers called strata

A

keratinocytes

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5
Q

these are found deep in the epithelial; run adjacent to each other for attachment

A

epidermal ridges and dermal papillae

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6
Q

two types of skin - one with 4 stata, one with 5 strata

A

thin skin and thick skin

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7
Q

the exposed surface of both thick and thin skin

A

stratum corneum

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8
Q

two types of perspiration; one you can feel, one you can’t

A 
sensible perspiration (from sweat glands when active)
insensible perspirations (from diffusion throughout the day)
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9
Q

order of 5 stratums from surface inward:

A 
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
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10
Q

cells in the stratum spinosum that help with immune response to injuries to skin and skin cancers

A

dendritic cells

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11
Q

condition in which a person’s melanocytes lack the protein needed to produce melanin

A

albinisim

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12
Q

pigment produced by melanocytes

A

melanin

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13
Q

cells that produce melanin

A

melanocytes

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14
Q

vesicles that carry melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes, coloring the skin; they are then destroyed by lysosomes

A

melanosomes

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15
Q

orange-yellow pigment in skin and some orange vegetables

A

carotene

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16
Q

when the skin takes on a bluish tint due to decreased oxygen in blood

A

cyanosis

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17
Q

most common type of skin cancer; originates in stratum basale

A

basal cell carcinoma

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18
Q

when cancerous melanocytes metastasize through the lymphatic system

A

malignant melanoma

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19
Q

layer within the dermis that is a meshwork of dense irregular tissue of collagen and elastic fibers; fibers blend into papillary layer and subcutaneous layer

A

reticular

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20
Q

layer within the dermis made of areolar tissue with lost of blood flow; contains capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

A

papillary

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21
Q

layer that is not part of the skin, separates skin from organs beneath

A

subcutaneous

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22
Q

three types of corpuscles (touch receptors) found in dermis

A

tactile corpuscle
lamellar corpuscle
bulbous corpuscle

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23
Q

touch receptors found in epidermis

A

free nerve endings and tactile discs

24
Q

type of burn that effects only surface of epidermis; “erythema” is inflammation like sunburn

A

first degree

25
Q

type of burn that damages entire epidermis and part of dermis; blistering, pain swelling

A

second degree

26
Q

type of burn that damages epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer; less painful than 2nd degree because nerves are destroyed

A

third degree

27
Q

leading cause of death in burn victims due to bacterial infection

A

sepsis

28
Q

common accessory structures in the integument

A

hair follicles
exocrine glands
nails

29
Q

type of hair that is found in the scalp and armpits; thicker, more coarse

A

terminal hairs

30
Q

type of hair found on arms and legs; shorter, more delicate

A

vellus hairs

31
Q

muscles connected to hair follicles that contract resulting in “goosebumps”

A

arrector pili muscles

32
Q

parts of the hair bulb (expanded base of the hair follicle)

A
  • hair papilla - connective tissue peg filled with blood vessels and nerves; Lowest point
  • hair matrix - layer of basal cells that divide to produce the hair
  • medulla - daughter cells formed in matrix; soft keratin
  • cortex - another layer of daughter cells; hard keratin
  • cuticle - another layer of daughter cells, forms the surface of the hair; hard keratin
33
Q

group of sensory nerves that surround the base of hair follicle

A

root hair plexus

34
Q

portion of hair that anchors it into the skin

A

hair root

35
Q

portion of the hair that we can see, extends slightly below surface of skin

A

hair shaft

36
Q
  • oil glands that release lipid secretion through holocrine secretion (cell becomes swollen with oil then ruptures);
  • share a duct with the hair follicle they communicate with
A

sebaceous glands

37
Q

the secretion that is released by sebaceous glands that coats the hair shaft

A

sebum

38
Q

oil gland that secretes sebum onto the skin surface, instead of into a hair follicle

A

sebaceous follicle

39
Q
  • sweat glands that secrete into hair follicles
  • found in armpits, around nipples, and groin;
  • secrete cloudy, stinky fluid
  • merocrine secretions (thru exocytosis)
A

apocrine sweat glands

40
Q

cells that squeeze glands to discharge the secretion accumulated inside

A

myoepithelial cells

41
Q
  • sweat glands that secrete directly onto skin
  • lots in the palms and soles of feet
  • secretion is watery, contains electrolytes
  • merocrine secretion (thru exocytosis)
A

eccrine/merocrine sweat glands

42
Q
  • visible portion of the nail

- made of dead, keratinized cells packed together

A

nail body

43
Q

the two structures that that bind the nail body to the finger

A

lateral nail folds, lateral nail grooves

44
Q

the nail body covers this area of epidermis

A

nail bed

45
Q

thickened stratum basale in the nail bed that obscures visible blood vessels, shaped like crescent

A

lunula (luna, moon)

46
Q

where nail production occurs; lies very close to bone of fingertip

A

nail root

47
Q

portion of stratum corneum of the nail root that extends over the exposed nail

A

eponychium/cuticle

“epi = over, “onyx” = nail

48
Q

free edge of nail extends over this area of thickened stratum corneum

A

hyponychium

“hypo” = under, “onyx” = nail

49
Q

steroid hormone released during times of stress; loosen the connection b/w keratinocytes

A

glucocorticoids

50
Q

hormones released from the thyroid that maintain normal blood flow to the integument

A

thyroid hormones

51
Q

these hormones can speed epidermal cell division and thickness; can increase number of dendritic cells that help with fighting cancer and pathogens

A

sex hormones

52
Q

this hormone can stimulate fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis; helps with basal cell division, thicker epidermis, wound repair

A

growth hormone (GH)

53
Q

this growth factor promotes basal cell division, keratin production, and epidermal development and repair

A

epithelial growth factor (EGF)

54
Q

-UV radiation actually helps with synthesis of this important vitamin

A

cholecalciferol/ vitamin D-3 - allows for synthesis of hormone called calcitriol (aids in absorption of calcium and phosphorus in small intestines)

55
Q

condition that develops when a child doesn’t get enough vitamin D-3 (cholecalciferol); bones are flexible and poorly mineralized

A

rickets

56
Q

4 phases of in skin regeneration after injury

A

inflammation
migration
proliferation
scarring

57
Q

these are formed when scar tissue forms beyond the site where tissue repair was needed

A

keloids

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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