Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > Cellular organization > Flashcards

Cellular organization Flashcards

1
Q

three main functions of Golgi aparatus

A

plasma membrane renewal
secretion vesicles
lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

movement of molecules into cell that requires ATP

A

active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

extensions of PM, increase surface area to aid in absorbing nutrients, etc from outside cell

A

microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

material found inside the plasma membrane of the cell, made up of cytosol (intracellular fluid) and organelles

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

structures that are bound to inside or outside of PM, can easily separate
have regulatory or enzymatic functions

A

peripheral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the nitrogenous bases in DNA/RNA

A

A -denine
T - thymine
(U - racil) instead of T in RNA

C - ytosine
G - uanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

effects of an osmotic solution on a cell

A

tonicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

organelle that stores, alters and packages synthesized products such as proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when materials move into our out of the cell in vesicles (small membranous sacs)

A

vesicular transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

period of cell life when cell performs normal functions and grows; chromosomes are duplicated

A

interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

triplets of nitrogenous bases that bind to mRNA codons

A

anticodons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

noncoding sequences of RNA that are snipped out

A

introns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the formation of a linear chain of amino acids, using info from mRNA strand

A

translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

another name for the triplets of nitrogenous bases that identify specific amino acids in mRNA

A

codons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
makes PM stiff and less permeable
has hydrophilic (hydroxyl group) and hydrophobic (steroid ring and nonpolar tail) parts just like PM
A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when DNA coils to save space, it forms this

A

nucleosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

organelle that synthesizes lipids and carbs, ex. steroids like testosterone and estrogen, triglycerides in liver and fat cells

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

organelle that breaks down organic substances and neutralizes toxins generated in that process

A

peroxisomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

enzymatic pathway that breaks down the pyruvate absorbed by the mitochondria into carbon dioxide and hydrogen

A

citric acid cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

form of transport of molecules into the cell that does not require ATP, but does require a carrier protein

A

facilitated diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DNA replication occurs during this phase within interphase

A

S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

develops when cancer causes unrestricted cell division

A

tumor or neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

period of cell life when copies of chromosomes are given to two daughter cells

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

link between mRNA and amino acids

A

tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

process of cells become specialized

A

cellular differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sequence of events in protein synthesis, simplified

A
  1. DNA triplets determine sequence of mRNA codons
  2. mRNA condons determine sequence of tRNA
  3. sequence of tRNAs determines sequence of amino acids in the protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

importing of extracellular materials in vesicles called endosomes

A

endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

when the two daughter cells are physically separated from each other

A

cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

loosely coiled DNA in a cell that is not dividing

A

chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

organelles that are surrounded by a membrane w/in the cytosol

A

membranous organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

RNA that brings complimentary RNA nucleotides to DNA that has been activated

A

mRNA ( messenger)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

carrier proteins that actively transport cations - sodium,p potassium, calcium, and magnesium - across PM

A

ion pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

organelles that synthesize ribosomal RNA in the nucleus

A

nucleoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

intracellular stuctures inside cell that perform specific functions

A

organelles

35
Q

organelle that contains digestive enzymes; breaks down organic compounds, damaged organelles, or pathogens

A

lysosomes

36
Q

solution that causes water to flow into a cell

A

hypotonic

37
Q

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable barrier such as the PM

A

osmosis

38
Q

extension of cytoplasm that reaches around an object that is going to enter cell through phagocytosis

A

pseudopodium

39
Q

proteins that can attach the cell to other structures

A

anchoring

40
Q

proteins that allow the immune system to recognize the cell

A

recognition

41
Q

proteins that bind to specific extracellular molecules called ligands; effects cells activities

A

receptor

42
Q

number of nitrogenous bases needed to form an amino acid

A

three

43
Q

tightly coiled DNA in a cell that is beginning cell division

A

chromosome

44
Q

enzyme that assembles strand of mRNA after attaching to the template strand of DNA

A

RNA polymerase

45
Q

site where two copies of chromosomes are held together

A

centromere

46
Q

when a red blood cell in hypertonic solution shrivels and dehydrates

A

crenation

47
Q

made of microfilaments or microtubules, offers structure to cell and aids in movement of materials w/in cells

A

cytoskeleton

48
Q

occurs as amino acids are added one by one to a growing polypeptide chain

A

elongation

49
Q

organelle that synthesizes proteins

A

ribosomes

50
Q

structures that are embedded in the PM, cannot be removed w/out damaging cell
some contain openings for materials to pass through

A

integral proteins

51
Q

cell division that results in two daughter cells, each containing complete set of 46 chromosomes

A

mitosis

52
Q

genetically controlled cell death, “cell suicide”

A

apoptosis

53
Q

when a carrier protein moves more than one substance across the PM at the same time

A

cotransport

54
Q

process that mitochondria performs when it takes in glucose and oxygen, releases carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

A

aerobic metabolism

55
Q

small and large ribosomal units are joined around the mRNA and tRNA at start of translation, forms this

A

initiation complex

56
Q

offers structure to nucleus, contains DNA and RNA nucleotides and ions

A

nucleoplasm

57
Q

organelle that stores and processes genetic information; controls protein synthesis

A

nucleus

58
Q

vesicular transport that allows solid objects to enter cell

A

phagocytosis, forms phagosomes instead of endosomes

59
Q

double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

A

nuclear envelope

60
Q

organelle that has ribosomes on its membrane, modifies and packages proteins then sends them to Golgi

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

61
Q

occurs when the stop codon is reached during translation, and translation is caused to stop

A

termination

62
Q

illness that occurs when normal control mechanisms that regulate rates of cell division are disrupted

A

cancer

63
Q

the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

A

transcription

64
Q

organelles that are not enclosed by a membrane

A

nonmembranous organelles

65
Q

proteins that form passageway all the way through the PM so materials can cross

A

channel

66
Q

carrier protein that moves two substances in opposite directions across the PM

A

exchange pump, process is called counterstransport

67
Q

organelle that produces majority of ATP used by the cell; “powerhouse”

A

mitochondrion

68
Q

passive movement of a substance from higher concentration to lower concentration

A

diffusion

69
Q

process that uncoils a portion of DNA so that the cell can be changed

A

gene activation

70
Q

strand of DNA that is used to synthesize RNA

A

template strand

71
Q

solution that does NOT cause flow of water into or out of a cell

A

isotonic

72
Q

extracellular fluid found in most tissues

A

interstitial fluid

73
Q

proteins that transport materials across the PM

A

carrier

74
Q

solution that causes water to flow out of a cell

A

hypertonic

75
Q

hydrophobic tails face each other on inside, hydrophilic heads face out, forming two layers

A

phospholipid bilayer

76
Q

fertilized ovum (egg)

A

zygote

77
Q

barrier b/w cytoplasm inside the cell and outside of cell

A

plasma membrane

78
Q

carbohydrates on the outside of the PM;
part of glycoproteins and glyolipids;
helps with cell recognition, binding to extracellular structures, and lubrication of cell surface

A

glycocalyx

79
Q

passageways that allow communication between nucleus and cytosol; regulate ions and small molecules passing through

A

nuclear pores

80
Q

coding sequences of RNA that are spliced together after introns are removed

A

exons

81
Q

vesicular transport that allows fluids to enter the cell, “cell drinking”

A

pinocytosis (think pino like wine, you drink it)

82
Q

when a cell in hypotonic solution bursts due to to much water inside

A

hemolysis

83
Q

chain of amino acids

A

polypeptide (poly = many, peptide = amino acid)

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions