tissue integrity

Question 1

skin characteristics in newborns

Answer 1

thin skin
less melanin
epidermis is loosely bound to dermis (blistering)
eccrine glands function and produce sweat in response to heat - mature by 2-3 yrs

Question 2

skin characteristics in adolescents

Answer 2

skin thickens
melanin at adult levels
aporine glands more mature
epidermis and dermis are tightly bound - increased resistance to infection/irritation
eccrine glands reach full function

Question 3

dermaphytosis

Answer 3

tinea (fungal) infection of the skin
candidiasis ( vaginal, diaper dermatitis)

Question 4

dermaphytosis treatment

Answer 4

good hygiene
no sharing of items
topical or systemic antifungal medication for 4 wks
oral nystatin
hand hygiene
oral griseofulvin - with fatty foods (whole milk, peanut butter) for better absorption

Question 5

head lice (pediculosis capitis) teaching/education

Answer 5

head to head contact
thru sharing of combs, hats, helmets, bed
use specific shampoo (keep on hair for 10 mins, then rinse)
no shampoo or conditioner day of Tx for 24 hrs
after 1 week, treat again
wash all clothing and linens for 20 mins in hot water/dryer
apply pediculicides cream and use fine comb to remove nits
boil clean comb or throw away

Question 6

clinical manifestations of head lice

Answer 6

intense pruritus of scalp (behind ears or nape of neck)
nits attached to hair shaft
scalp itching
white eggs(nits) seen on hair shaft

Question 7

scabies

Answer 7

skin to skin contact
female mite
lives on upper layers of skin - very contagious
whole family must be treated

Question 8

scabies interventions and treatment

Answer 8

clean linens and clothing with high heat
permethrin 5% cream on entire body surface
whole family must be treated

Question 9

what causes acne?

Answer 9

clogged hair follicles
family history
hormonal influence
stress
start of pubverty

Question 10

acne treatment options

Answer 10

dont over wash face
no squeezing/picking
improve health status-rest: balanced diet, moderate exercise, reduce emotional stress
medications - tretinois, topical benzoyl peroxide- on acne spots, antibiotics, isotretinoin (ACCUTANE)(LAST RESORT MED.)

Question 11

diaper dermatitis

Answer 11

candidiasis of the diaper area, develops into a fungal infection (candidasis)

Question 12

diaper dermatitis treatment

Answer 12

change diapers frequently
no harsh soaps/fragrances
barrier creams after area is AIR DRIED
wash with warm water
use baby wipes with no alcohol or fragrance
expose diaper area to air
avoid baby powder

Question 13

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Answer 13

pruititic (itchy)
dermatologic disease
usually associated with an allergy and development of asthma

Question 14

atopic dermatitis (eczema) treatment

Answer 14

relieve itch w/ cool compresses
very thin layer or topical steroids only on lesions
hydrate the skin, retain moisture
HEAT AND SWEAT WORSENS
reduce inflammation
prevent secondary infection