intracranial regulation Flashcards
bacterial meningitis clinical manifestations
abrupt onset
fever
chills
n/v
seizures
headache
nucheal rigidity - stiff neck
positive kernig and brudzinskis
kernig sign
back pain and resistance to straightening after laying supine
brudzinskis sign
flex head to chest, legs will flex up towards chest
bacterial meningitis treatment
lumbar puncture
maintenence of ventilation
cultures
antibiotics
restricted hydration
isolation precautions
meningitis CSF variations
WBC: elevated
protein: elevated
glucose: decreased
gram stain: positive
color: cloudy
glucose and color is most significant
bacterial meningitis interventions
keep room quiet
side lying due to nucheal rigidity
VS, LOC, neuro
monitor sodium levels
maintain IV (10 days)
resp. isolation for atleast 24 hrs
vaccines: pneumococcal, HiB, meningococcal
bacterial meningitis acute care isolation
droplet precautions
pt in own room
visitors should be wearing a mask
types of cerebral palsy
spastic
dyskinetic
ataxic
mixed type
spastic cerebral palsy
most common type
damage to cerebral cortex
board-like
poor control of posture, balance, and coordinate motion
dyskinetic cerebral palsy
slow wormlike movements of trunk or extremities
abnormal posture
ataxic cerebral palsy
wide based gait, rapid repetitive movements performed poorly
damage to cerebellum
mixed type cerebral palsy
combo of spastic and dyskinetic
damage to multiple parts of the brain
baclofen
med that helps with mobility in CP diagnosis
diplegia
affects legs
hemiplegia
one side of the body
quadriplegia
whole body
CP treatment
orthopedic surgery: correct spastic deformities and improve function
braces and supportive devices
family education and support
medications related to spasms and seizures (antispasmodics, analgesia, anti epileptics)
types of neural tube defects
anencephaly - NTD of the brain
spina bifida cystica/ occulta
anencephaly
NTD of the brain
absence of cerebral hemispheres
incompatible with life
spina bifida cystica assessment
sensory disturbances
kyphosis
hip dislocation
below 2nd lumbar vertebrae
worst NTD
NO vaginal delivery
sac is out of neural tube and protrudes skin
spina bifida occulta assessment
no observable manifestations
skin depression/dimple
dark tufts of hair
neuromuscular disturbances: gait and bowel/bladder sphincter
spina bifida treatment
sterile dressing
monitor for signs of local infection and meningitis
prone/sidelying position
maintain legs in abduction with pad between knees and feet
prevent skin breakdown: pad bony prominence
clinical manifestations of ICP in infants
IRRITABILITY: poor feeding
volcano fontanel
high pitched cry - cant soothe
macrocephalic head
setting sun eyes
macewen sign
clinical manifestations of ICP in children
headache
forceful vomiting - usually AM when moving from flat to upright
seizures
drowsy/lethargy
diminished physical activity
inability to follow simple commands
