cognitive and sensory perception

Question 1

autism spectrum disorders clinical manifestations

Answer 1

communication impairment
socialization deficit difficulty with body and eye contact
obsessive interests
language delay
repetitive & ritualistic

Question 2

clinical manifestation of down syndrome

Answer 2

square head with upwards slant to eyes
flat nasal bridge
protruding tongue
hypotonia - low muscle tone/ weakness

Question 3

down syndrome comorbidaties

Answer 3

heart defects
septal defects- hole in heart
renal disorders - hirschsprung disease and tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 4

tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 4

down syndrome comorbidity
trachea and esophagus are connected

Question 5

hirschsprung disease

Answer 5

down syndrome comorbidity
affects large intestine, makes it difficult to pass stool

Question 6

symptoms of ADHD

Answer 6

inattention- careless in school, easily distracted by external stimuli, forgetful in daily activities
hyperactivity- fidgety, talks excessively, squirms in seat
impulsivity- poor muscle control, interrupts conversations, difficulty waiting turn

Question 7

ADHD interventions

Answer 7

identify childs strengths and build on those
have clear, simple rules
consistent routine
get childs attention first before giving directions
reduce environmental stimuli

Question 8

child maltreatment types

Answer 8

intentional physical abuse or neglect
emotional abuse or neglect
sexual abuse of children

Question 9

what do you see in physical abuse?

Answer 9

fractures
retinal hemorrhages
intracranial bleeding
abusive head trauma
SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME

Question 10

how to distinguish between abuse or injury in a child

Answer 10

suspect abuse when childs injury/story does not match with the reported incident
suspect abuse if xrays show old, unexplained fractures
observe patient - child interaction
do not examine child alone
note if injury or symptom fits the history of the illness

Question 11

anticipatory guidance teaching to families of children with cognitive disabilities

Answer 11

HELP CHILD REACH FULL POTENTIAL
promote childs optimal development
provide info on sexuality
early intervention - therapy, exercises, activities
provide means of communication
encourage socialization
teach child self-care skills