mobility

Question 1

cast function

Answer 1

immobilize the bone

Question 2

plaster cast

Answer 2

takes up to two days drying
do not user heat or fans to speed process

Question 3

cast care

Answer 3

assess swelling - elevate
frequent neurovascular checks (cap refill, color, warmth, movement, sensation)
keep edges clean, dry, smooth

Question 4

how to remove a cast

Answer 4

warmth and vibration
will be loud, noise can be scary
painless

Question 5

scoliosis

Answer 5

spine curves laterally and the vertebrae rotate, pulls the ribs along

Question 6

scoliosis focused assessment

Answer 6

uneven shoulders
one shoulder more prominent than the other
uneven waist
one hip higher than the other
one primary curve and a compensatory curve to align head with gluteal cleft

Question 7

what is the adams forward bending tests

Answer 7

feet together, bend forward at the waist
look at spine to check for uneven alignment

Question 8

scoliosis angle surgery requirement

Answer 8

curves greater than 50
surgery with rod placement and bone grafting

Question 9

spinal fusion

Answer 9

skeletal growth affected
metal rods can be implanted using clips to fuse the vertebra

Question 10

how to prevent curve progression in scoliosis

Answer 10

exercise
monitor for curve progression
wear a brace for 25-40 degree curves (milwaukee, boston, nighttimebending brace)

Question 11

congenital clubfoot

Answer 11

malformation of foot, ankle, lower leg
foot is twisted inward or outward

Question 12

three stages during infancy of clubfoot

Answer 12

correction of deformity
maintenance of the correction until normal muscle balance is regained
follow up to avert possible recurrence

Question 13

if manipulation of club foot doesnt work?

Answer 13

surgery is performed- releasing tight tendons and repositioning and pinning foot bones

Question 14

when should clubfoot be resolved?

Answer 14

by the age of 1

Question 15

nursing care for clubfoot

Answer 15

educate on cast care and orthopedic devices
recognize parents feelings and stigma of birth defect
promote bonding
discuss clothing & safety hazards
instruct on need for long-term follow up

Question 16

dysplasia of the hip

Answer 16

congenital dislocation of the hip
deformity involving subluxation or dislocation either partially or completely
more commonly affects girls
family Hx

Question 17

three degrees of hip dysplasia

Answer 17

dysplasia
subluxation
dislocation

Question 18

hip dysplasia infant assessment

Answer 18

shortened limb on affect side
restricted/limited abduction of hip on affected side
unequal gluteal folds
one hip higher than the other
positive ortolani & barlow test result

Question 19

ortolani test

Answer 19

flex knees to 90* abduct legs outwards
hip should pop back into place

Question 20

barlow test

Answer 20

adduct hip and apply gentle pressure
hip should pop back into place

Question 21

newborn to 6 months hip dysplasia treatment

Answer 21

pavlik harness- stabilizes hip by preventing hip extension and adduction- maintains hip in flexion and abduction - gently stretches
harness allows for leg movement

Question 22

age 6-18 months hip dysplasia treatment

Answer 22

dislocation unrecognized until child is walking
use traction to stretch the muscles and cast immobilization (spica cast for 12 weeks)

Question 23

spica cast

Answer 23

general anesthesia
frog like cast for external rotation
urine/feces must drain away from cast
very wide and heavy; difficult to dress child or use car seat

Question 24

older child hip dysplasia treatment

Answer 24

operative reduction followed by a period of casting (5-9 months)

Question 25

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

Answer 25

a hip condition that occurs when the head of the thigh bone slips out of place

Question 26

gowers sign

Answer 26

indicates weakness in the muscles of the lower limbs
patient’s inability to stand without using their hands to “walk” up their body from a squatting position.