Tissue Biology

Question 1

Define the overall function of cell junctions.

Answer 1

• form tight fluid seals
• anchor cells together (or to extracellular material)
• act as channels, allow ions and molecules to pass from cell to cell

Question 2

List three types of junctions.

Answer 2

• tight
• gap
• desosomes

Question 3

Describe the structure of a tight junction.

Answer 3

plasma membranes fused with a strip of transmembrane proteins

Question 4

Describe the structure of a gap junction.

Answer 4

cells separated by fluid-filled channels called connexons

Question 5

Describe the structure of desosomes (junction).

Answer 5

• contains plaque and cadherins

* attaches to intermediate filaments (keratin)

Question 6

Outline one function of a tight junction.

Answer 6

watertight seal between cells

Question 7

Outline one function of a gap junction.

Answer 7

cell communication

Question 8

Outline one function of a desosome.

Answer 8

cell to cell stability

Question 9

List two general functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 9

• selective barrier

* secretory surface

Question 10

Describe the selective barrier function of epithelial tissue

Answer 10

• helps the transfer of substances in and out of the body

* processes include diffusion, osmosis, filtration, absorption

Question 11

Describe the secretory surface function of epithelial tissue

Answer 11

• releases molecules produced by cells into the free surface

* processes include secretion and excretion

Question 12

Name any two covering and lining epithelial tissue types

Answer 12

simple squamous

simple cuboidal

Question 13

Describe the structure of simple squamous tissue

Answer 13

• single layer of flat, scale-like cells

* nuclei centrally-located

Question 14

Describe the structure of simple cuboidal tissue

Answer 14

• single layer of cube-shaped cells

* nuclei round and centrally located

Question 15

List one function of simple squamous epithelial tissue

Answer 15

diffusion

Question 16

List one function of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

Answer 16

secretion

Question 17

List the two basic elements of connective tissue

Answer 17

• cells

* extracellular matrix

Question 18

Name any two types of CONNECTIVE tissue

Answer 18

• Bone Tissue

* Loose Adipose Tissue

Question 19

Describe the structure of Bone tissue

Answer 19

organs composed of several different CTs, fibres and cells

Question 20

Describe the structure of loose adipose tissue

Answer 20

adipocytes (derived from fibroblasts)

Question 21

List one function of Bone tissue

Answer 21

support

Question 22

List one function of loose adipose tissue

Answer 22

reduce heat loss

Question 23

List the two major types of MEMBRANES

Answer 23

• synovial

* epithelial

Question 24

List 3 types of EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES

Answer 24

• mucous membrane
• serous membrane
• cutaneous membrane

Question 25

Outline the associated structure of the Mucous Membrane

Answer 25

• epithelial layer (goblet cells, tight junctions)

* connective tissue layer (areolar CT)

Question 26

Outline the associated structure of the Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 26

• epithelial layer (epidermis - keratinised stratified squamous epithelium)
• connective layer (dermis - dense irregular CT & areolar CT)

Question 27

List one function of the Mucous Membrane

Answer 27

prevents cavities drying out

Question 28

List one function of the Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 28

protection

Question 29

List one location of the Mucous Membrane

Answer 29

lines body cavities open to the outside

Question 30

List one location of the Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 30

covers surface of the body

Question 31

How does the structure of a SYNOVIAL membrane differ from all of the epithelial membranes?

Answer 31

no epithelial layer