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BIOH111 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Define bone remodelling.

A

The ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue. consists of 2 processes.

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2
Q

Name the two processes involved in bone remodelling and what they do.

A
  • bone deposition (addition of minerals and collagen fibres by osteoblasts)
  • bone resorption (removal of minerals and collagen by osteoclasts)
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3
Q

List four bone cells that contribute to bone remodelling

A
  • osteoprogenitor cells
  • osteoblasts
  • osteocytes
  • osteoclasts
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4
Q

How do osteoprogenitor cells contribute to bone remodelling?

A

involved with cell division to become an osteoblast

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5
Q

How do osteoblasts contribute to bone remodelling?

A

bone formation - secrete collagen fibres and other organic components to build ECM (deposition)

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6
Q

How do osteocytes contribute to bone remodelling?

A
  • maintain daily metabolism

* maintain mineral concentration of matrix

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7
Q

How do osteoclasts contribute to bone remodelling?

A

breakdown ECM (resorption, regulate calcium)

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8
Q

List the four zones that are present in the EPIPHYSEAL PLATE of a long bone.

A
  • zone of resting cartilage
  • zone of proliferating cartilage
  • zone of hypertrophic cartilage
  • zone of calcified cartilage
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9
Q

What occurs on the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate during growth in length? (Include cells involved)

A
  • interstitial growth of cartilage (mitosis)

* chondrocytes proliferate

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10
Q

What occurs on the diaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate during growth in length? (Include cells involved)

A
  • replacement of cartilage
  • osteoclasts dissolve calcified cartilage
  • invasion of osteoblasts to build bone
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11
Q

Which part of the long bone increases in length?

A

diaphysis

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12
Q

What are the four phases of bone fracture repair?

A
  • Phase 1 - reactive
  • Phase 2a - reparative
  • Phase 2b - reparative
  • Phase 3 - remodelling
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13
Q

Describe one event that occurs in PHASE 1 of bone fracture repair.

A

reactive - inflammation occurs bringing phagocytes to the area and osteoclasts remove damaged tissue

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14
Q

Describe one event that occurs in PHASE 2a of bone fracture repair.

A

reparative - chondroblasts produce fibrocartilage used to build a soft callus that bridges the fracture

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15
Q

Describe one event that occurs in PHASE 2b of bone fracture repair.

A

reparative - osteoprogenitor cells develop into osteoblasts that produce spongy bone that forms a hard callus

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16
Q

Describe one event that occurs in PHASE 3 of bone fracture repair.

A

remodelling - dead portions of fragments reabsorbed by osteoclasts

17
Q

Why does healing occur faster in bone than cartilage?

A

because bone has blood vessels, cartilage does not

18
Q

List the two criteria that structural classification (of joints) is based on.

A
  • based on structural classification (presence of absence of synovial cavity + type of connecting tissue
  • based on functional classification (based on movement)
19
Q

Name the three STRUCTURAL classifications

A
  • fibrous
  • cartilaginous
  • synovial
20
Q

Describe FIBROUS structural classification of joints

A
  • no synovial cavity

* dense, fibrous connective tissue

21
Q

Describe the CARTILAGINOUS structural classification of joints

A
  • no synovial cavity

* fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

22
Q

Describe SYNOVIAL structural classification of joints

A
  • contains synovial cavity

* hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage

23
Q

Name three FUNCTIONAL classifications of joints

A
  • synarthrosis
  • amphiarthrosis
  • diarthrosis
24
Q

Describe SYNARTHROSIS

A

immovable fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue
eg sutures of skull

25
Q

Describe AMPHIARTHROSIS

A

a joint with limited mobility eg between vertebrae

26
Q

Describe DIARTHROSIS

A

freely movable joint

eg elbow

27
Q

List the movements that occur in each structural classification of joints

A
  • synarthrosis - immovable
  • amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable
  • diarthrosis - freely movable

BIOH111 (8 decks)

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