Timber Processes And Finishes

Question 1

What are the 3 types of processes for Timber

Answer 1

• Addition and Fabrication Processes
• Forming Processes
• Wasting Processes

Question 2

What are 3 types of Addition and Fabrication Processes

Answer 2

• Traditional Wood Joints
• Knock down fittings
• Wood screws, nuts, bolts, and coach bolts

Question 3

What is an Addition and Fabrication Process

Answer 3

Joining pieces of wood with other pieces of wood one of the most common way of making products.

Question 4

Examples of Traditional Wood Joints (get at least 6)

Answer 4

• Dowel Joint
• Housing Joint
• Comb Joint
• Dovetail Joint
• Half Lap Joint
• Mortise and Tenon Joint
• Mitre Joint
• Butt Joint

Question 5

What are 3 types of Knock Down Fittings

Answer 5

• Modesty Blocks
• Barrel nut and bolt
• Cam-Lock Connector

Question 6

What are Knock Down Fittings

Answer 6

Knock down fitting (KD fittings) are an alternative to the wooden joints traditionally used to fix parts of a wooden structure together.

They are temporary joints although many are used to permanently join together items such as cabinets and other pieces of furniture that are purchased in a flat pack.

Question 7

What is a Modesty Block

Answer 7

Modesty blocks are for making easy joint fixing of cabinet panels

Question 8

What is a Barrel Nut (Steel Cross Dowel or Dowel Nut)

Answer 8

A barrel nut is a specialised nut, and is commonly used in aerospace and ready-to-assemble furniture applications

Question 9

What is a Cam-Lock

Answer 9

Cam lock connector: The large thread on the screw is designed to grip well in chipboard and MDF. Turning the cam pulls the parts together.

Question 10

What 2 things are needed to use a screw

Answer 10

When using screws, a pilot hole and a countersink are used to allow the screw to fit in correctly.

Question 11

What are the 3 Wasting Processes for Timber

Answer 11

• Turning
• Routing
• Milling

Question 12

What is Turning and How does it work

Answer 12

A lathe works by spinning a piece of timber at speed. While the timber is turning, a wood-turning tool is pushed into the timber to change it’s shape.

• Some timber can be held in place by compressing it from end to end. This would allow a spindle or cylinder to be shaped.
• Another way to hold the timber in place is to screw it to a
• Faceplate - the timber then spins on the lathe, and this would allow a bowl to be turned

Question 13

What is Routing and How does it work

Answer 13

A router can either be hand-held, mounted to a table or even computer controlled. All routers work by rotating a cutting bit at high speed. As the cutting tool passes over or along the edge of the timber, a cut or profiled shape is made.

Router can plunge into a material to cut holes. They can follow jigs or patterns, for example kitchen fitters might follow a pattern to join worktops together.

Question 14

What is Milling and How does it work

Answer 14

Milling machines can work either horizontally (horizontal milling machine) or vertically (vertical milling machine) - both machines perform the same tasks; the main difference is the direction the cutting tool is held.

Question 15

What are the 2 forming processes used for changing the shape of timber or manufactured board

Answer 15

• Lamination
• Steam Bending

Question 16

What is Steam Bending and how does it work?

Answer 16

Steam bending is a woodworking technique where wood is exposed to steam to make it pliable. Heat and moisture from steam can soften wood fibres enough so they can be bent and stretched, and when cooled down they will hold their new shape.

Question 17

What is Wood Laminating and how does it work?

Answer 17

Wood laminating is the process of forming multiples sheets of veneer, chips or solid timber using moulds are bonded together by very strong adhesives, to produce rigid lightweight structures.

Question 18

How are Papers and Board formed into 3D Products

Answer 18

• Die cutting and creasing
• Bending
• Laser cutting

Question 19

What is Die Cutting and Creased (+ how does it work)

Answer 19

Used to cut out paper or card nets.

Die cutters are used to cut out paper or card ‘nets’ or ‘developments’ which when folded and assembled, will form a 3D shape such as a box. (The die cutter will have a serrated edge).

Question 20

What is Bending (+ how does it work)

Answer 20

• A stamped out net is placed onto a folding table
• Some die cutting presses might be equipped with moving parts that help to bend or fold paths automatically

In Industry, larger machines will carrying out die cutting, creasing and folding in one process

Question 21

What is Laser Cutting (+how does it work?)

Answer 21

• Prototype or small scale production
• They can cut, engrave, perforate, and carve.
• Positives: speed, accuracy and the high level of detail that is possible
• 2D drawing can be download and cut quickly (unlike a die board). Therefore flexible in what they can cut.

Question 22

What is Polyurethane Varnish and why is it used?

Answer 22

Polyurethane is a synthetic resin and type of varnish used in the finishing of floors, cabinets, and other woodwork. It is a desirable choice of varnish because it is transparent, water, fungus, and mildew resistant and resists abrasion.

Question 23

What is Acrylic Varnish and why is it used

Answer 23

A transparent, colourless varnish forms a good bond with painted surfaces yet still be removable without affecting the painting. It is usually a combination of a resin and a solvent and applied to the surface when it thoroughly dry. Provides a hard, protective, removable coat.

Question 24

What are Water Based Paints and why are they used

Answer 24

Water based paints contain microscopic plastic particles of binder, filler and pigment, dissolved in water. Water based paints are water soluble, but become water-resistant when dry. Quick drying and non-toxic.

Question 25

What are Stains and why are they used

Answer 25

A finish that will change or enhance the natural colour of wood. Stains penetrate wood deeply to highlight the grain, intensify existing tones, or change the colour. They do provide a level of protection from the elements but their primary function is for decorative use.

Question 26

What are Wax Finishes and why are they used

Answer 26

Waxes have been used for centuries to enhance wooden furniture and provide wood protection against stains. Made from natural ingredients, they produce a soft, satin sheen and give furniture a silky feel. It can be applied directly onto bare wood. Waxes do not penetrate the wood, but rather coat it.

Question 27

What is Danish Oil and why is it used

Answer 27

A wood finishing oil, often made of Tung oil (oil obtained by pressing the seed from the nut of the Tung tree), or polymerized linseed oil, there is no defined formulation so its composition varies, but it provides a hard wearing, often water-resistant satin finish, or serve as a primer on bare wood before applying paint or varnish.

Question 28

What is Teak Oil and why is it used?

Answer 28

A blend of Tung oil and linseed oil, which nourishes, protects and enhances the natural beauty of hard, exotic and oily woods, including teak, rosewood and iroko. With added UV additives for protection against fading from sunlight Teak Oil is suitable for interior and exterior use.

Question 29

What is Pressure Treating with Chemical Preservatives and why is used

Answer 29

Pressure treating is a process that forces a chemical preservative deep into the wood using a pressure / vacuum vessel. Helps prevent rot and repel insects. Examples such as tanalised wood

Question 30

What happens in Pressure Treating with Chemical Preservatives

Answer 30

Wood is placed in a pressure vessel containing a solution consisting of copper sulphate and other preserving salts.

Vacuum and pressure are controlled to force the preservative deep into the fibres of the wood, before it is steam dried.