Tim 2

Question 1

6 Major Macro Minerals

Answer 1

Cl

P

Na

Mg

K

Ca

Clarence, please no more killing cats

Question 2

What forage contains high Ca content?

Answer 2

Alfalfa

Question 3

4 things which lead to Ca deficiency

Answer 3

Low [] Ca in feed

Low absorption efficiency of Ca

Vitamin D Defficiency

Abnormal Ca:P ratio

Question 4

2 symptoms of Ca deficiency?

Answer 4

Rickets

Osteoporosis

Question 5

3 ways of preventing milk fever

Answer 5

Upregulate Ca homeostatic mechanisms

Feed low Ca diets in dry period

Acidify diet during dry period by feeding anionic salts

Question 6

2 effects of Ca toxicity

Answer 6

Soft tissue calcification

Excess mineralization leading to osteopetrosis

Question 7

4 function of P?

Answer 7

Bone mineralization

Nucleotide/nucleoside phosphates

Phosphoproteins

Regulation of acid-base balance

Question 8

What is phytic acid?

Answer 8

Source of organic P

Question 9

Enviro Pig

Answer 9

Produces phytase salivary glands

No need to include mineral phosphate supplement or commercialy produced phytase

Question 10

Affects of P deficiency?

Answer 10

Similar to Ca

Poor fertiilty

Pica - consume dirt, chew on pen materials, bones

Question 11

P toxicity

Answer 11

Bone resorption

Kidney Stones

Question 12

Problems with Mg deficiency

Answer 12

Interferes with function of CNS

Grass Tetany

Question 13

Uses of K

Answer 13

Principal cation of ICF

Contractility of smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle

Question 14

How does hyperkalemia cause milk fever?

Answer 14

Excess K = Diets are too alkaline = shuts down hoemostatic regulation = interference with Ca homeostasis

Question 15

Sulfur toxicity

Answer 15

Reduces copper availability and destroys thiamin

Question 16

Major Micro minerals

Answer 16

Mn - Manganese

Mo - Molybdeneum

Cr - Chromium

Cu

Fe

Zn

Se

I

My mom cant cook for zoo sized indian

Question 17

3 Functions of iron

Answer 17

Hb and Myoglobin

Peroxidases

Oxidoreductases

Question 18

Transport and storage form of Fe

Answer 18

Transferin is transport form of Fe

Ferritin is major storage form

Question 19

Competition between host and bacteria for Fe

Answer 19

Lactoferrin binds Fe to make it unavailable for bacteria - found in milk, saliva, tears

Bacteria produce siderophores - Fe binding proteins

Question 20

Most common symptom of Fe deficiency

Answer 20

Anemia - lethargy, paleness, shortness of breath, poor growth

Question 21

What animals are most susceptibel to Fe deficiency?

Answer 21

Piglets

• Low stores of Fe at birth
• Sow’s milk low in Fe
• High growth rate means high Fe requirement

Question 22

Iodine deficiency

Answer 22

Goiter

Cretinism - stunted physical, mental growth

Question 23

4 functions of Copper

Answer 23

Ceruloplasmin - oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+

Necessary for transfer of iron from tissue

Collagen - Cu is co-factor for the enzyme involved in cross-linking of collagen

Pigmentation - Cu required for melanin production

Question 24

3 affects of Cu deficincy

Answer 24

Anemia

Depigmentation of skin and hair

Swayback or enzootic neonatal ataxia in lambs, calves

Question 25

3 functions of Se?

Answer 25

Co-factor for glutahtione peroxidase

Thioredoxin reductase - inhibits apoptosis

Selenoproteins

Question 26

3 affects of Se deficiency

Answer 26

White muscle disease - infiltration of muscle tissue with CT

Mulbery heart disease - pigs develop malformed heart

Stiff lamb disease

Question 27

what is the most toxic mineral?

Answer 27

Se

Question 28

Functions of Chromium

Answer 28

Exists in several oxidation states

Potentiates aciont of insulin

Promotes anabolic activity