Lecture 1 Flashcards
4 general things nutrition affects
Animal Performance
Meat Quality
Ability of animals to fight disease
Profitability
What is nutrition?
The science of how nutrients in the feed are utilized and converted into animal products
5 functional components of plant and animal tissue?
Water
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Ash
3 metabolic changes
Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism
Where does digestion occur?
Lumen of small intestine
How are end products of digestion absorbed into body?
Via blood and lymph vessels
Define metabolism
Study of the changes which nutrients undergo between absorption and excretion as waste products
5 parts of a good diet
Contain all the essential nutrients
Contain essential nutrients in correct amounts and proportions
Palatable
Economical
No toxic substances
What is a nutrient
Something that an animal doesnt synthesize on its own.
Must come from diet
Changes from species to species
6 classes of nutrients
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
What 3 classes of nutrients provide energy?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
What must you minimize with feed sampling?
How?
Minimize the possiblity of alteration in feed composition during storage
- Store in sealed containers
Freeze
What is the most important series of chemical analysis used in nutritional studies?
Proximate Analysis
What are the 6 proximate principals?
Moisture
Ash
Crude Protein
Ether Extract or Crude Fat (lipid)
Crude Fiber (Carbohydrate)
Nitrogen Free Extract (Carbohydrate)
2 negatives of high water content in feed
Water acts as a diluent and reduces content of other nutrients
Effects storage capacity of feed (mold)
What does ash content give an indication of?
Mineral content
What is the procedure known as to determine crude protein?
Kjeldahl
What does the kjeldahl or crude protein determination measure?
Nitrogen content
What does kjedahl assume?
All protein contains 16% N
What is extracted in ether extract?
Lipid components of feed
Why is lipid important?
Provides 2.25 X the energy as carbs or proteins
What will a high ether extract indicate about the feed?
High energy content
Error in ether extract?
Measures terpines and waxes which are indigestible by animal
What does high crude fiber indicate about feed?
Low energy content
What does the determination of crude fiber try to mimic?
GI tract
first acidic in stomach
Then basic in small intestine
What is an error during proximate analysis of silage?
Silage has high content of VFAs which evaporate with water, giving you a higher than actual water content
What is a big short coming of Proximate analysis of feed?
Doesnt evaluate individual nutrients
What is typically the 1st limiting a.a.?
Lysine
4 steps in amino acid analyis
Hydrolysis
Separation
Detection
Identification and Quantification
3 Requirements of hydrolytic agent
Broad specificity
Accessibility
Non-Destructive
3 Positively Charge R groups
Histidine
Arginine
Lysine
2 Negatively Charged R groups
Aspartate
Glutamate
What is the nutritional value of a lipid source affected by?
Chain length
Degree of Saturation
