Tikanga, models of health, inequalities

Question 1

what is the meaning of tikanga?

Answer 1

customs and traditions that have been handed down through time
correct procedure, custom, habit, lore, manner, practice etc

Question 2

colonialism and imperialism were symbolic with what?

Answer 2

scientific racism

Question 3

what is scientific racism in relation to colonisation?

Answer 3

essentially that being white was superior and their knowing of the world was superior

developed thoughts on others being inferior and non human meaning colonisation was based on racist ideology.

Question 4

what were Maori customary laws based on before the Treaty was signed?

Answer 4

mana
tapu
rahui
utu
muru

Question 5

what was the purpose of the Tohunga suppression act 1907? when was in repealed?

Answer 5

intended to stop people using traditional Māori healing practices which had a supernatural or spiritual element.

repealed 1962

Question 6

what was the purpose of the NZ settlements Act 1863?

Answer 6

the land of any tribe engaged in rebellion against the government could be confiscated

Question 7

what is the difference between equality and equity?

Answer 7

equality is everyone getting the same and getting treated the same whereas equity is equal opportunity to access

Question 8

What are some determinants of health that impact Maori health?

Answer 8

• Life expectancy lower for Maori (approx. 73 for males, 77 for females)
• Lower rates of school completion
• Higher rates of unemployment
• Lower income
• Received more income support
• Lower access to telecommunications
• No access to car
• Less home ownership/more household crowding

Question 9

what are the four parts of Mason Durie’s Te Whare Tapa Wha model?

Answer 9

Te taha hinengaro - psychological
Te taha Wairua - spiritual
Te taha Whanau - family
Te taha tinana - physical

Question 10

what is the te taha hinengaro?

Answer 10

expression of thoughts and feelings derived from within the individual.

Question 11

what is te taha whanau?

Answer 11

acknowledges the relevance of extended family to health

family is a prime support system for maori, physically, culturally and emotionally. ill health in an individual is a reflection on the family.

Question 12

what is te taha tinana?

Answer 12

bodily health with a clear separation of tapu and noa

certain parts of the body are sacred and bodily functions have there own significance i.e food and washing should be kept seperate which is a challenge in the hospital setting

Question 13

what is te taha wairua?

Answer 13

generally felt to be the most essential requirement for health

capacity to have faith and be able to understadn the links between the human situation and the environment

without spiritual awareness/mauri (life force) one cannot be healthy

Question 14

what is the Meihana model?

Answer 14

specific assessment framework with four main cornerstones and two additional elements.

works on the assumption that one that identifies as Maori is Maori and family is the center of the assessment and intervention process.

Question 15

what are the 6 cornerstones of the meihana model?

Answer 15

whanau
wairua
tinana
hinengaro
taio
iwi katoa

Question 16

what is the Te pae mahutonga model?

Answer 16

Model for Maori health promotion
mason durie
based on the four central stars and two pointers of the southern cross as key tasks of health promotion

Question 17

what are the 6 parts of the Te pae mahutonga model?

Answer 17

The four stars:
Mauriora - cultural identity
Waiora - Physical environment
Toiora - healthy lifestyles
Te Oranga - participation in society

The two pointers:
Nga Manakura - community leadership
Te Mana Whakahaere - autonomy

Question 18

what is Mauriora?

Answer 18

access to language, knowledge, culture, maori economic resources, social resources

areas where Maori is facilitated rather than hindered

Question 19

what is Waiora?

Answer 19

considers the interaction between people and the environment

• clean air, water, abundant vegetation, noise at an acceptable level

Question 20

What is Toiora?

Answer 20

Healthy lifestyles focusing on minimising harm, risk management, cultural relevance, positive development

Question 21

what is Te Oranga?

Answer 21

enhancing Maori participation in society in the economy, education, employment, decision making

Question 22

what is He Korowai Oranga?

Answer 22

The NZ Maori health strategy

overarching framework guiding the Government and Health and Disability sector to achieve best health outcomes

Question 23

what are the three parts of Te tiriti o Waitangi policy statement?

Answer 23

Mana Maori
Mana Tanagata
Mana Motuhake

Question 24

explain mana maori

Answer 24

enabling maori customary rituals

framed in te ao Maori, encapsulated within matauranag maori and enacted through tikanga maori

Question 25

Explain mana tangata?

Answer 25

achieving equity in health and disability outcomes for Maori across the life course and contributing to Maori wellness

Question 26

Explain mana motuhake

Answer 26

enabling the right for Maori to be Maori and to exercise self-determination over their lives on Maori terms, philosophies, values and practices

Question 27

what are the 5 principles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi?

Answer 27

1. Tino Ranagatiratanga
2. Partnership
3. Equity
4. Active protection
5. Options

Question 28

explain principle 1 (tino rangatiratanga) of Te Tiriti o Waitangi

Answer 28

provides maori with self-determination and mana motuhake

Question 29

explain principle 2 (partnership) of Te Tiriti o Waitangi

Answer 29

requires nursing council and maori to work together in a strong and enduring relationship

Question 30

explain principle 3 (equity) of Te Tiriti o Waitangi

Answer 30

NC to commit to achieving equitable health outcomes for Maori through the statutory functions that it is responsible for

Question 31

explain principle 4 (Active protection) of Te Tiriti o Waitangi

Answer 31

NC to be well informed on the extent and nature of both Maori health outcomes and efforts to achieve health equity through culturally safe nursing standards and practice of cultural safety

Question 32

explain principle 5 (Options) of Te Tiriti o Waitangi

Answer 32

NC required to ensure all services provided in a culturally appropriate way that recognises and supports the expression of te ao Maori models of care.

Question 33

What is the focus of Whanau Ora?

Answer 33

focuses on whanau as a whole and addresses needs of individual within whanau context

whanau at center of decision making

traditional holistic approach to health and well being

whanau identifying health and social needs in addition to existing strengths of the whanau

Question 34

what are the goals of Whanau Ora?

Answer 34

self managing
healthy
participate in society
participate in te ao maori
economic security
cohesive, resilient and nurturing

Question 35

what is the concept of Te Wheke?

Answer 35

based on the tentacles of an octopus to define family health

the head = whanau
eyes = waiora (total well being of whanau)
tentacles represent different dimensions of health that are close and interwoven

Question 36

what are the 8 tentacles of the octopus in te wheke?

Answer 36

Te whānau – the family
Waiora – total wellbeing for the individual and family
Wairuatanga – spirituality
Hinengaro – the mind
Taha tinana – physical wellbeing
Whanaungatanga - extended family
Mauri – life force in people and objects
Mana ake – unique identity of individuals and family
Hā a koro ma, a kui ma – breath of life from forbearers
Whatumanawa – the open and healthy expression of emotion

Question 37

what is the fonofale model?

Answer 37

based around family and culture - holistic model involving physical, spiritual, mental and other well being