Ethics and Change theories Flashcards
define what is meant by the ethics of care
In nursing an ethic of care is a complete moral response based on professional caring that is as much an integral part of nursing practice as any other aspect.
a practice or virtue involving maintaining the world of and meeting the needs of ourselves and other. seeks to maintain relationships by promoting well being of caregivers and receivers in a network of social relations
define principle based ethics
focuses on theories of the importance of general principles such as
respect for autonomy
beneficence
non maleficence
justice
what are the six principles of Beauchamp and Childress’ biomedical ethics?
- Respect for autonomy
- beneficence
- non maleficence
- Justice
- Fidelity
- Truthfulness
In Beauchamp and Childress’ principles for biomedical ethics, define what respect for autonomy means?
respecting the decision making capacities of autonomous persons
enabling individuals to make reasoned informed choices
working in a patient-nurse partnership for joint decision making
consent should be given by patients for accepting medical care to ensure that they fully understand the procedure, what it involves, risks or side effects.
In Beauchamp and Childress’ principles for biomedical ethics, define what beneficence means?
balancing benefits of treatment against the risks and costs
Requires that we treat persons autonomously and refrain from harming them, but also that we contribute to their welfare. i.e. we must do some good for the patient
In Beauchamp and Childress’ principles for biomedical ethics, define what non maleficence means?
avoiding the causation of harm, harm should not be disproportionate to the benefits
Intentionally imposing unreasonable risks of harm. An example of this would be a nurse who knowingly does not change a patient’s bandage despite the increased risk of infection.
Unintentionally causing harm to a patient. For example a physician who has given the wrong medication to a patient due to carelessness.
In Beauchamp and Childress’ principles for biomedical ethics, define what justice means?
distributing benefits, risk and cost fairly. i.e. patients in similar positions should be treated in a similar manner
The fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution of benefits and norms.
what are the parts of the “four quadrant approach” to ethical decision making in nursing?
- indications for medical intervention
- preferences of patient
- Quality of life
- Contextual features
this is a tool for nurses to work through the decision making process
in the four quadrant approach to decision making, what is meant by indications for medical intervention?
that an diagnosis should be established, options for treatment considered and what the prognosis for each of these options is
in the four quadrant approach to decision making, what is meant by preferences of the patient?
is the patient competent, if so what do they want.
if not considered competent then what is in the patients best interest
in the four quadrant approach to decision making, what is meant by quality of life?
will the proposed treatment improve the patients quality of life
in the four quadrant approach to decision making, what is meant by contextual features?
do religious, cultural or legal factors have an impact on the decision?
what are the 5 stages of change in the Transtheoretical model of behavior change?
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
strength based model where the patient is in control
beneficial for motivation interviewing
In the Transtheoretical model of behavior change, what is the precontemplation phase?
no recognition of need for, or interest in change
talking about the situation i.e. drinking, violence, family values
provide advice on the benefits of change
In the Transtheoretical model of behavior change, what is the contemplation phase?
thinking about change
enhance motivation - explore concerns and benefits of change
