ticks and mites Flashcards
What characteristics do acarines have and what organisms are acarines
Ticks and mites 8 legs no antennae cephalothorax abdomen
what types of ticks are there
hard (ixodidae)
soft (argasidae)
life cycle of hard ticks
eggs in gelitanous mass, larvum with 6 legs, 1 instar nymph with 8 legs, adult
how can you distinguish male and female hard ticks
m- large scutum
f-small scutum
ticks:
length of time on host and drop off into ?
Hard
long, vegetation
Soft
short, home
why do hard ticks have high vector potential
firmly attached and persistent feeders trans-ovarial transmission trans-stradial transmission live long ticks are reservoir and vector slow feeding aids dispersal wide host range - 3 host ticks
hard ticks transmit…..
kyasanur forest disease (Arbovirus)
Rickettsiae tick typhus
tick paralysis
tick borne encephalitis
Control of hard ticks
treat livestock
ivermectin
personal protection
ULV
most important genus of soft ticks
ornithodoros
life cycle soft ticks
eggs, larvum 6 legs, nymph 4 instars, adult
just get bigger at each stage
each stage blood feeds
morphological features of soft ticks
no scutum
no visible mouthparts
coxal organs
engorges and fills with blood
soft ticks transmit…
tick borne relapsing fever (endemic relapsing fever)
- Borrelia duttonii
- transmitted through saliva and coxal fluid
- recurring fevers
control soft ticks
sweep floor, solid floors in housing, raise beds off floor, repellants, ibn
how can you distinguish between ticks and mites
mites have hypostome without teeth
no scutum
don’t swell up after feeding like soft ticks
two types of mites
sarcoptes scabei- scabies mites
leptotrombidium- chigger mites- scrub typhus
life cycle of sarcoptes scabei
- female burrows through skin feeding on cell and tissue liquid, male looks for female, deposits eggs
- larvae (1) and nymph (3) found in moulting pockets
- mature to adult
how is scabies transmitted
skin to skin contact
treatment of scabies
benzyle benzoate, permethrin cream, oral ivermectin, treat whole family
what is a complication of scabies
crusted norweigan scabies- scabies hyperinfestation of immunocompromised
extensive skin scaling and crusting
highly contagious
what is scrub typhus parasite
orienta tsutsugamushi
where is scrub typhus found
asia
life cycle of chigger mite
- eggs laid in vegetation
- larvae wait on vegetation, blood feed on rodents
- larvae drops to ground to moult
- nymph
- adult free living in soil
where are chigger mites found and why
mite islands- nymphs and adults need arthropod prey
prevention of scrub typhus
boots and trousers, clothing impregnated with repellant, clear mite islands, acaricidal spraying, doxycycline for high risk groups
