Tick Diseases Flashcards
What are some historical facts that may indicate tick borne disease?
Location, outdoors, no flee and tick or poor administration
What are some exam findings that may indicate tickborne illness?
Fever
Lethargy
Lymphadenopathy
Petechia
Limb lameness
Joint effusion
What are some differenitals for thrombocytopenia?
S - Sepeatration
P - Decrease Produciton
U- Use or consmtion
D - Destruction (Immune)
Infectious:
Ehrlicia canis
Histoplasmosis
Neoplasia
Immune mediated
Toxin or Drug
What tickborne illness can cause a morula in a monocyte with clinical findings?
Ehrlichia canis
What tick transmits canince monocytic ehrliciosis?
Brown dog tick
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
(Southeast and southwest)
What are the phasesof Ehrlicia canis? Describe them.
Acute - 8-20 days post inoculation
-Fever, lethargy, inappetenace, lymphadenomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly, edema, uveitis and retinal disease, thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopathis, neuro signs
Subclinical
Chronic -
similar acute, bone marrow hypoplsia, PLE, polymyositis, lymphocytosis, bone marrow plasmacytosis
How do you diagnose ehrlicia canis?
Blood Smear - see morula in monocyte or lymphocyte
-Not as sensitive in chronic
-Cant tell species
-look at buffy coat smear, lymph node aspirate or splenic aspirate
Antibody testing - cross reacts
-only exposure
-can have false negative if acute
Indirect immunoflourescent antibody (IFA)
-IgG
-2 7-14 day apart 4x increase
Elisa - snap 4DX
PCR - 4-10 days postinfection
How do you treat ehrlicia cansis?
Minocycline and chloramphenicol
-improvement in- 24-48hrs
-German Shepherd more susceptible and worse prognosis
What kind of bacteria is ehrlicia?
Obligate intracellular
Gram negative
Rickettsia
What form of ehrlicia causes disease in humans and what tick transmits it?
Ehrlicia chaffeensis
Lone Star Tick (amblyomma americanum)
-Rare sign in dogs but similar to ehrlicia canis
-Dogs may be a revisor for it
What tickborne illness would cause lameness, mild to moderate leukocytosis with mature neutrophilia with morula in the neutrophil? Polyarthritis?
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Ehlrlicia ewingii
How do you diagnose A. Phagocytophilium and E. ewingii?
PCR r serology (IFA or elisa)
What kind of Ehrlichiosis is caused by erlichia ewingii?
Granulocytic ehrlichiosis
-Replicate in neutrophil and delays neutrophil apoptosis
Which tick carries Ehrlicia eqingii?
Lone Star Tick (amblyomma americanum)
-South central and southeast
What are the clinical features of E. Ewingii?
Acute disease only
3-4 week post inoculation
No sign or any of: Fever, lethargy, inappetance, lymphadenomegaly, peripheral edema, polyarthritis, neuro, thrmobocytopenia, protinuria
Milder than E.canis
How do you diagnose E.ewingii?
Morulae in granulotes
-look like A phagocytophilium
Elisa
Whole blood PCR
How do you treat E. ewingii?
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Chloramphenicol
What ticks transmit anaplasa phagocytophilium?
Granulocytic anaplasmosis in dog
Ixodes scapularis
Ixodes pacificus
common to have borrelia burgdorferi with it
What are the clinical signs of Anaplasma phagocytophilium?
None
no chronic
potential: fever, lethargy, inappetence, lymphadenomegaly, hepatocplomegaly, polyarthritis, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia
How do you diagnose A. Phagocytophilium?
Morulae in granulocyte (neutrophil)
Elisa, IFA, PCR
How do you treat A. phagocytophilum?
Doxycycline
What tick transmitts Rickettsia rickettsi? (RMSF)
Dermacentor andersoni
Dermacentor variablis (American Dog)
Midwest to east
What are the clinical signs of R. Rickettsii?
Replicate in endothelial cell (arteries and veins)
Vasculitis = thrombocytopenia or immune mediated
Hemorrhage excessively and thrombosis
Skin, brain, heart and kidney worse
Fever, lethargy, inappetance, lymphadenomegaly and hepatosplenomegally, arthralgia and spinal hyperesthesia, vomit, diarrhea, uveitis, cutaneous edema and hyperemia, neuro sign, pneumonitis, renal failure and cardiac arythmia
How do you diagnose R. rickettsia?
Serologic testing (IFA)
PCR
Early recognition and treatment key
How do you treat R. Rickettsii?
Doxycycline, chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin
What tick transmitts Hepatozoon americanum?
Protozoan
Ingestion Amblyoma maculatum (gulf coast tick)
What are the clinical findings of H. Americanum?
Fever, lethargy, inappetence, weight loss, sever muscle wasting, hyperesthesia, stiff gait, purulent ocular discharge, fatal
wax and wane
Elevated leukocyte 200,000
Anemia chornic disease
increase platelet count
increased alkaline phosphatase activity
Hypoglycemia
Hypoabunemia
Periosteal bone proliferation (proximal)
How do you diagnose H. Americanum?
Blood smear - gamonts in leukocyte
Skeletal muscle biopsy - best to confirm, onion cyst
Whole blood PCR
How do you treat H. Americanum?
TCP
Trimethoprin-sulfonamide, clindamycin and pyrimethamine 2 weeks
Relapse common cause cant get out of tissue
What is Babesia canis and what tick transmits it?
Babesia canis vogeli
Large, piriform shaped protozoan single or paired within erythrocyte
Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus
What is babesia gibsoni?
Small protozoan in erythrocyte with ring like configuration
What are clinical signs of babesiosis?
Fever, inappetance, lethargy, lymphademomegally, plenomegally, thrombocytopenia, hemoltic anemia
Complicated form: acute renal failure, neuro, hepatic injury, resp, pancreatitis, red biliary
What type of dogs get subclinical babesosis?
Grey hound and Pitbull terriers (bite wound)
How do you diagnose babesia?
Blood smear - rbcs
IFA
PCR
How do you treat canine babesiosis?
Imidocarb diprpionate
Atovaquine
Azithromycin
