Diabetic KetoAcidosis Flashcards
What is diabetes mellitus?
An issue with insulin regulation
T1: Lack production
T2: Lack Response
Hyperglycemia
What is the role of insulin?
Facilitate movement of glucose into the cells
What organs are insulin dependent? Which are not?
Muscle and kidneys - Dependent
Brain and Erythrocyte - Independent
What electrolytes are also driven by insulin?
Potassium and Phosphorus
What happens if there is an increase in blood sugar?
Decrease?
Increase: insulin released from pancreas, tells liver to make glucose into glycogen and lowers BS
Decrease: pancrease release glucogon to liver that makes it into glucose to raise the BS
What happens when there is hyperglycemia?
Cells complain - glycogenolysis and gluconeogenisis occur
How does ketosis occur?
Without insulin or glucose fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies for energy
Normal process
What are ketones?
Alternative source of energy
Acids: Acetone, acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybuterate
Ketosis - normal
Ketoacidosis - not normal
What is required for a diagnosis of ketoacidosis?
Diabetes Mellitus
Ketones
Acidosis (caused by ketones)
What is the treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis?
Insulin and treat underlying cause
Why do patients get DKA?
Unmanaged or poorly managed DM, co-morbidity, consequence DM itself
What are some types of insulin we can use for treatment?
Regular Insulin - similar to pancreas, short acting, emergency
Intermediate or long acting - twice daily dose, DKA management
What diagnostics are needed to diagnose DKA?
Serum ketones, urine ketones, Blood gas (pH, PCo2, HCO3, lactate, BUN)
When you are treating these animals what is the first step? When do you administer insulin?
Fluids
Insulin 1-4 hours later
