Ti-Infectious Diseases Affecting Upper Respiratory

Question 0

What acts as part of the defense of the respiratory tract?

Answer 0

• nasal hair
• cilia
• mucous
• involuntary responses (coughing, sneezing, swallowing)
• Macrophages
• Secretory IgA against specific pathogens

Question 1

What is the most common place for infectious agents to gain access to the body?

Answer 1

The respiratory tract.

This includes (UPPER): mouth, nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx.

Lower: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles lungs, alveoli

Question 2

In which section of the respiratory tract are you more likely to find normal biota?

Answer 2

UPPER respiratory tract.

Gram-positive bacteria is very common here.

Question 3

What is the mechanism by which the normal biota of the upper respiratory tract causes disease?

Answer 3

Cause disease if their host becomes immunocompromised or if they are transferred to other hosts.

Question 4

What are common upper respiratory tract diseases caused by microorganisms?

Answer 4

• Rhinitis (common cold)
• Sinusitis
• Acute Otitis Media
• Pharyngitis
• Diphtheria

Question 5

A patient walks in with symptoms of sneezing, scratchy throat, runny nose for 2-3 days. Mother states the patient does NOT have a fever. What is the most likely diagnosis of this patient?

Answer 5

Rhinitis (common cold)

• Transmission by indirect contacts, droplet contact
• Culture is not necessary
• Treat symptoms only

Question 6

Bitchy Foy has been suffering from rhinitis for the past 7 days. She returns to your clinic continuing to complain (which nobody cares about) of nasal congestion, pressure above the nose/forehead, headache, toothache. She also complains of greenish/yellowish nasal discharge. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 6

Bacterial Sinusitis (due to length of symptoms and greenish/yellowish discharge)

It would be allergic sinusitis if the discharge is clear and may be accompanied by itchy, watery eyes.

Question 7

This disease is a common sequel of rhinitis?

Answer 7

Acute otitis media

• Caused by viral infections of the upper respiratory tract that lead to inflammation of the Eustachian tubes and buildup of fluid in the middle ear.

Question 8

Disease which results from chronic fluid in the middle ear for indefinite periods of time, typically caused by biofilm bacteria.

Answer 8

Chronic otitis media.

Question 9

Gimme dat Becky walks into your clinic complaining of pain and swelling in the back of her throat (can only imagine how this happened). She states symptoms began 3 days ago and are progressively worse. What is the disease, and what are you likely to see on a physical exam?

Answer 9

Swelling, reddened mucosa, swollen tonsils, possible exudate. Pt will possibly have foul-smelling breath. Pt might also experience a hoarse voice.

PHARYNGITIS

Question 10

Dr. Butler states this is the main factor in preventing pharyngitis..

Answer 10

Good hygiene practices.

Question 11

What would you treat Gimme dat Becky with after you make the diagnosis of pharyngitis?

Answer 11

Penicillin, cephalexin in a penicillin allergy patient.

Question 12

What disease is characterized by a sore throat, loss of appetite, low-grade fever? This disease typically has pseudomembrane forming on the tonsils or pharynx.

Answer 12

Diphtheria.

Question 13

What is the common way to prevent Diptheria?

Answer 13

The Diphtheria toxoid vaccine which is part of DTaP.

This disease is caused by droplet contact with direct or indirect contact with contaminated formites.

Question 14

List the diseases (well-known) caused by microorganisms affecting the UPPER and LOWER respiratory tracts.

Answer 14

Whooping cough, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenze.

Question 15

What is another name for the disease whooping cough?

Answer 15

Pertussis

Question 16

What are the two distinct symptom phases of Whooping cough?

Answer 16

Catarrhal stage:

• After incubation from 3-21 days
• Bacteria in the respiratory tract cause what appear to be cold symptoms.
• This stage lasts 1-2 weeks.

Paroxysmal stage:

• Severe and uncontrollable coughing
• violent coughing spasms can result in burst blood vessels in the eyes.

Question 17

How long does complete recovery take for a patient with Whooping cough?

Answer 17

Weeks-months

Question 18

What organism causes Whooping cough, and what is done to prevent this disease?

Answer 18

Bordetella pertussis: spread by droplet contact.

Acellular vaccine (DTaP), erythromycin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Question 19

What is the most prevalent cause of respiratory infection in the newborn age group?

Answer 19

RSV- respiratory syncytial virus

Question 20

Baby Winkyfock Ford comes to your clinic with a fever for the past 3 days, with rhinorrhea, recent diagnosis of rhinits, pharyngitis and otitis media. He is now coughing and wheezing. You hear rales when listening to his lungs. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 20

CROUP

-This is a more serious infection which stems from RSV.

Question 21

Little winkyfock Ford is now in middle school and quite the attractive little boy. He started complaining about intense HA, chills, DRY cough, body aches. His mother (the ever so lovely PA) states he also had a fever. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 21

Influenza. The symptoms of extreme fatigue can last days to weeks.

Question 22

What is the most common modes of transmission for influenza?

Answer 22

Droplet contact, direct contact, some indirect contact.

Question 23

How to you prevent influenza?

Answer 23

Killed injected vaccine or inhaled live attenuated vacine- taken ANNUALLY.