FMS I Final Flashcards
T/F: Cortisol circulates in the plasma free (unbound) and bound to protein.
TRUE
t/f: “Flight or fight” occurs in the exhaustion stage in the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
FALSE
T/F: A person does not have a stress reaction unless the stress exceeds his or her coping abilities.
TRUE
T/F: The decrease in insulin during a stress response prevents glucose from being taken up by peripheral tissue so that more glucose will be available for the CNS.
TRUE
T/F: For catecholamines to be immunosuppressive, their levels must be chronically elevated.
TRUE
T/F: Stress and negative emotions have not been associated with the production of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines
FALSE
T/F: Although stress generally inhibits the female reproductive system, it increases the production of testosterone.
FALSE
T/F: Lymphocytes secrete growth hormone (GH), prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and endorphins.
TRUE
T/F: Studies have shown a relationship between depression and reduction in lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity
TRUE
T/F: Stress has no effect on the development of cancer.
FALSE
Which hormone Constricts peripheral vessels to increase blood pressure as a stress response?
norepinephrine
Which hormone Increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate and myocardial contractility during a stress response?
epinephrine
Which hormone Increases gastric secretions during a stress response?
cortisol
What nerve innervates the diaphragm and is associated with the fibrous pericardium?
phrenic
The mesothelium of the parietal layer of the body wall is derived from…
somatic mesoderm
The crura of the diaphragm are derived from the…
dorsal mesentery of the esophagus
The fibrous pericardium is derived from…
the pleuropericardial membranes
Which of the following are retroperitoneal (either primarily or secondarily)?
kidney and urinary bladder (that’s the correct answer on the exam)
Which of the following is a herniation through the sternocostal hiatus?
retrosternal hernia
What develops from the first pharyngeal arch?
muscles of mastication
What is derived from the second aortic arch?
hyoid artery
The thymus develops from…..
third pharyngeal pouch
The cells that produce calcitonin are derived from…
fourth pharyngeal pouch
the middle ear ossicles are derived from…
first and second pharyngeal arches
Which disease is caused by an autosomal dominant gene and results in malar hypoplasia of zygomatic bones with down-slanting palpebral fissures, defect of lower eyelids, deformed external ears and sometimes abnormalities of middle and internal ears?
Treacher Collins syndrome
Which disease results from excessive merging of the mesenchymal masses in the maxillary and mandibular prominences of the first pharnygeal arch?
Congenital microstomia
The primary palate is derived (directly) from the…
intermaxillary segment
The foramen cecum…
marks the point of embryonic evagination of the thyroid gland
A patient is found to have glandular tissue situated in the tongue musculature just superior to the body of the hyoid bone. This tissue would most likely be related to the…
thyroid gland
The sclera is derived from…
neural crest cells
If the retinal (choroid) fissure fails to close, it may result in…
coloboma
Microtia is…
small auricle
An increase in CSF pressure slows venous return from the retina may cause…
papilledema
Which disease/condition is an autosomal recessive trait that results in skin that is markedly thickened, ridges and cracked? Most infants with this disorder will die during the first week of life.
Harlequin fetus
Melanocytes arise from…
neural crest cells
The enamel of a tooth is derived from…
ectoderm (non-neural ectoderm)
At the developing nail is covered by a narrow band of epidermis called the…
eponychium
Excessive hairiness that results from the development of supernumerary hair follicles or from the persistence of lanugo hairs is called?
hypertrichosis
Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and ___ is not successful.
adaption
The ____ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the GAS?
hypothalamus
During a stress response, increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal is prompted by…
epinephrine
perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins in the…
limbic system
During a stress response, which hormone decreases lymphocytes, eosinophils, and macrophages and prostaglandin?
cortisol
The effect that low serum albumin has on the central stress response is to…
impair circulation of epinephrine and norepinephrine
the effect epinephrine has on the immune system during stress response is to increase…
NK cells
Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include…
epinephrine and norepinephrine
stress-induced norepinephrine results in…
peripheral vasoconstriction
stress-induced cortisol released from the adrenal cortex results in…
stimulation of gluconeogenesis
what is the effect of increased secretions of epinephrine, glucagon, and growth hormone?
hyperglycemia
Which hormone increases the formation of glucose from amino acids and free fatty acids?
cortisol
Which immune cells are suppressed by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
helper T cells and monocyte-macrophage cells
The ____ (gland) regulates the immune response and mediates the apparent effects of circadian rhythms on immunity.
pineal
What effect does estrogen have on lymphocytes?
Depression of T cells and enhancement of B cells
What contributes to the development of the diaphragm?
- Dorsal esophageal mesentary
- Septum transversum
- Pleuroperitoneal folds
The control of rhinovirus URTIs by immunization is…
The large number of stereotypes of the rhinovirus
What is the best explanation of the selective action of acyclovir in HSV infected cells?
Acyclovir is phosphorylated by a virus encoded phosphokinase ONLY within HSV infected cells.
Herpes simplex virus is a…
DNA enveloped virus
What is the most common outcome following a primary HSV infection?
Establishment of latent infection
The principle reservoir for antigenic shift variants of influenza appears to be…
Animals, specifically pigs, horses, and fowl
A virus associated with jaundice is…
Yellow-fever virus
A common cause of encephalitis is…
Rabies virus
Varicella zoster virus is associated with…
Shingles
A virus known to cause infectious mononucleosis is…
Epstein Barr virus
