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Abdomen II > Thyroid, Parathyroid and Neck > Flashcards

Thyroid, Parathyroid and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Benign solid tumor of the parathyroid gland that secretes parathyroid hormone. Solid tumor of the thyroid gland

A

Adenoma

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2
Q

Enlargement of the glands

A

Adenopathy

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3
Q

A loss of differentiation of cell that is a characteristic of tumor tissue and occurs in most malignant tumors

A

anaplasia

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4
Q

Enlargement of lymph nodes

A

cervical adenopathy

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5
Q

Seen on a nuclear medicine study as a region of thyroid where the radioisotope has not been taken up; the area may correspond to a palpable mass

A

Cold nodule (photon-deficient area)

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6
Q

The thyroid gland is producing the right amount of thyroid hormone is referred to as

A

euthyroid

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7
Q

Invasive procedure using a small gauge needle to obtain a tissue specimen from a specific lesion

A

fine-needle aspiration (FNA)

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8
Q

Focal or diffuse thyroid gland enlargement due to iodine deficiency; multiple nodules may be present

A

goiter

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9
Q

An autoimmune hyperthyroidism caused by antibodies that continuously activate thyroid stimulating hormone receptors: It is characterized by enlarged tyhroid, protrusion of eyeballs (exophthalmos) , a rapid heartbeat, nervous excitability

A

Graves disease

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10
Q

Most common inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland; usually occurs in genetically predisposed individuals, often presents in patients with other autoimmune disorders that may be associated with the formation of antibodies against normal thyroid tissue, and often accompanied by marked hyperemia

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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11
Q

Occurring at an abnormal place or upon the wrong part of the body

A

Heterotopic

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12
Q

Disorder associated with elevated serum calcium levels, usually caused by benign parathyroid adenoma

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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13
Q

Oversecretion of thyroid hormones

A

hyperthyroidism

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14
Q

Low phosphate level that can be seen with hyperparathyroidism

A

hypophosphatasia

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15
Q

Underactive thyroid hormones

A

Hypothyroidism

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16
Q

Causing little pain or slow growing tumor

A

indolent

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17
Q

Thin band of thyroid tissue connecting the right and left lobes

A

isthmus

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18
Q

Wedged shaped muscle posterior to the thyroid lobes

A

longus coli muscles

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19
Q

Tiny hyperechoic foci that may or may not shadow; sometimes present within a thyroid nodule

A

microcalcifications

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20
Q

Most common form of thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

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21
Q

Hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulate serum calcium and phosphorus

A

Parathyroid hormone

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22
Q

Oversecretion of parathyroid hormones

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

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23
Q

Large muscles located anterolateral to the thyroid

A

sternocleidomastoid muscles

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24
Q

Sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles located anterior to the the thyroid

A

strap muscles

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25
Q

Developmental fluid-filled spaces; congenital anomaly located anterior to the trachea extending from the base of the tongue to the isthmus of the thyroid

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

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26
Q

Increase in color doppler vascular flow in the thyroid

A

thyroid inferno

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27
Q

Inflammation of the thyroid

A

thyroiditis

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28
Q

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyoinine

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

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29
Q

The thyroid and parathyroid both have what common functions

A

Both are endocrine glands

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30
Q

What is the main function of the thyroid gland?

A

regulation of basal metabolic rate

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31
Q

What is the most common functional disorder of the thyroid gland

A

hypothyroidism

32
Q

How many parathyroid glands do most adults have?

A

four

33
Q

What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

parathyroid adenoma

34
Q

The mean length of the thyroid is:

A

40 to 60 mm

35
Q

The mean AP diameter of the thyroid is

A

12 to 18 mm

36
Q

The mean thickness of the isthmus is:

A

4 to 6 mm

37
Q

What three hormones does the thyroid gland secrete

A

Triiodothyronine(T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin

38
Q

What is needed to properly synthesize the thyroid hormones?

A

iodine

39
Q

The common carotid artery and internal jugular vein form the __________ __________ border of the thyroid gland

A

posterior lateral

40
Q

The echotexture of the normal thyroid gland is:

A

homogeneous

41
Q

The thyroid gland is ____________ when compared to the adjacent musculature

A

hyperechoic

42
Q

Congenital cyst of the neck that tend to midline:

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

43
Q

Congenital cyst of the neck that tend to lie lateral to the carotid artery

A

brachial cleft cyst

44
Q

Hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of free T3 and T4.

A

Throtoxicosis

45
Q

The majority of patients with hyperthyroidism have ____________ disease

A

graves

46
Q

The most common cause of primary hypothyroidism is

A

hashimoto thyroiditis

47
Q

Papillary carcinoma most commonly occurs between the ages of

A

20 and 50

48
Q

Papillary carcinoma is three times more common in

A

women

49
Q

A definitive diagnosis of papillary carcinoma can be made by

A

Fine needle asperation (FNA)

50
Q

The overall survival rate for papillary carcinoma is;

A

98%

51
Q

The parathyroid glands are responsible for producing

A

parathyroid hormone

52
Q

Parathyroid hormones regulate the concentration of

A

calcium and phosphorous

53
Q

Dysphagia is described as;

A

difficulty swallowing

54
Q

What is the medical term for bulging eyes?

A

Exophthalmos

55
Q

What is another name for a cystic hygroma

A

Lymphangioma

56
Q

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a

A

brachial cleft cyst

57
Q

A normal lymph node will not measure greater than

A

10 mm

58
Q

what sonographic findings are associated with a thyroid inferno?

A

Increased vascularity

59
Q

Which abnormality is associated with sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno

A

Graves disease

60
Q

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as:

A

triiodothyronine

61
Q

Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes?

A

common carotid artery

62
Q

A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than ______________ is indicative of thyroid enlargement

A

10 mm

63
Q

Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?

A

strap

64
Q

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery/

A

superior thyroid

65
Q

The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as the

A

pyramidal lobe

66
Q

Which hormone is most abundantly produced by the thyroid

A

thyroxine

67
Q

Difficulty breathing

A

dyspnea

68
Q

Hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules seen on nuclear medicine study that are almost always benign

A

hot nodules

69
Q

Elevated serum calcium

A

hypercalcemia

70
Q

Pediatric neck mass that consist of lymphatic fluid secondary to the blockage of lymphatic channels; may also be referred to as cystic hygroma, may occur in other parts of the body where lymphatic tissue exist

A

lymphangioma

71
Q

Clinical finding associated with Graves disease in which there is thickening of the skin and edema on the anterior legs

A

pretibial myxedema

72
Q

A normal variant of the thyroid gland in which there is a superior extension of the isthmus

A

pyramidal lobe

73
Q

Nuclear medicine study in which a radiopharmaceutical is used to examine the thyroid gland

A

scintigraphy

74
Q

The surgical removal of the thyroid or part of the thyroid

A

thyroidectomy

75
Q

The fluid produced by the thyroid that contains thyroid hormones

A

colloid

Abdomen II (5 decks)

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