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Abdomen II > Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the deepest, innermost, mucosal esophageal surface that can be visualized on both endoscopic and transabdominal imaging?

A

Mucosal Surface

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2
Q

In cases of gastritis, thinning of the mucosa is considered a precursor of what pathology?

A

Gastric Carcinoma

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3
Q

Chron’s disease primarily affects young adults and affects what anatomic region?

A

Ileum

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4
Q

What portion of the duodenum bends and courses inferiorly to the right of the pancreatic head?

A

Second

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5
Q

What portion of the GI tract have walls that are thicker and can nearly always be visualized sonographically in the normal patient using a transabdominal scanning approach?

A

Stomach

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6
Q

What carcinoma affects more men and elderly with about equal frequency in the middle to lower third of the esophagus?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Where is the body and antrum of the stomach located relative to the gallbladder and porta hepatis?

A

Medial

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8
Q

Where is the body and antrum of the stomach located relative to the left hepatic lobe?

A

Posterior or inferior

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9
Q

Gastric carcinoma arises from what layer of the stomach?

A

Mucosa

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10
Q

What portion of the duodenum includes the duodenal bulb?

A

First

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11
Q

What is the most common primary neoplastic lesion of the small bowel?

A

Myomas

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12
Q

What region does inflammation usually start with ulcerative colitis that is an inflammatory disease confined to the colonic mucosa and submucosa?

A

Rectal

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13
Q

What is the normal wall thickness when the colon is distended to a diameter of greater or equal to 5 cm?

A

2 mm to 4 mm thick

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14
Q

When would a sonographer expect to see bubbles escape from the bowel?

A

Duodenal bulb perforation

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15
Q

Failure of the intestine to propel its contents due to diminished motility

A

Ileus

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16
Q

Abnormal twisting of the intestines that can lead to obstruction, gangrene, perforation, and peritonitis

A

Volvulus

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17
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphagia

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18
Q

Fecalith or calcification found in the appendiceal lumen

A

Appendicolith

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19
Q

An erosion in the mucosal layer of the wall of the GI tract

A

Ulcer

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20
Q

Rhythmic dilatation and contraction that propels the contents of the GI tract

A

Peristalsis

21
Q

What is the innermost layer of the bowel wall

A

epithelium

22
Q

What is the most common esophageal cancer most commonly located in the upper and mid-esophagus?

A

Squamous Cell

23
Q

What describes the location of the esophagogastric junction?

A

Posterior to the left lobe and to the right of the abdominal aorta

24
Q

Where are the layers of the GI wall thickest

A

stomach

25
Q

What should the bowel wall measure when the stomach is not distended?

A

4 to 6 mm

26
Q

Where does the inflammation start in Crohns disease

A

submucosa

27
Q

What does crohns disease primarily affect?

A

Ileum

28
Q

What is the most common benign tumor of the small bowel?

A

Leiomyoma

29
Q

When performing a sonograph examination, what structure will help locate the appendix?

A

Cecum

30
Q

What term describes a positive sign to rebound tenderness and pain located over the area of the appendix?

A

McBurney sign

31
Q

Where do the majority of colon cancers occur?

A

rectum and sigmoid colon

32
Q

Which part of the GI tract can be seen curving around the pancreatic head

A

duodenum

33
Q

The GI tract is, essentially, a __________ foot muscular tube, originating at eh mouth and terminating at the anus

A

30

34
Q

The sonographic structure of the bowel is usually described as five layers: three ____________ layers separated by two ______________ ones

A

echogenic
hypoechoic

35
Q

The antrum and body of the stomach often appear as a target like structure inferior to ___________ __________ ___________ on longitudinal sonograms

A

the left lobe

36
Q

Chronic gastritis may present as enlarged rugal folds with generalized thickening of the ___________ layer of the wall

A

mucosal

37
Q

Sonographically with small bowel obstruction, the bowel loops are typically ____________ ____________ in cross section, and peristalsis can vary from none to markedly increased

A

perfectly round

38
Q

Telescoping of bowel into itself

A

Insussusception

39
Q

Associated with obstruction of the appendiceal lumen

A

appendicitis

40
Q

Sonographically, appendicitis appears as a non-compressible appendix greater than __________ mm with mucus and possible appendicolith in the appendiceal lumen

A

6

41
Q

Colon cancer is the ___________ leading cause of death from cancer

A

third

42
Q

What is the advantage of an endoluminal transducer

A

Higher frequencies can be used

43
Q

Crohn disease primarily affects which age group?

A

Young adults

44
Q

What is formed from the circular muscle fibers that surround the duodenal orifice of the common bile duct

A

Sphincter of oddi

45
Q

What is the primary site for metastasis from gastrointestinal cancer?

A

Liver

46
Q

Which statement best describes intussusception in adults?

A

Occurs in the setting of a tumor

47
Q

What i is the sonographic appearance of carcinoid tumor?

A

Sharply marginated hypoechoic masses without acoustic enhancement

48
Q

In cases of gastritis, thinning of the mucosa is considered a precursor of which pathology

A

Gastric carinoma

49
Q

What portion of the duodenum includes the duodenal bulb?

A

First

Abdomen II (5 decks)

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