Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

What is the deepest, innermost, mucosal esophageal surface that can be visualized on both endoscopic and transabdominal imaging?

Answer 1

Mucosal Surface

Question 2

In cases of gastritis, thinning of the mucosa is considered a precursor of what pathology?

Answer 2

Gastric Carcinoma

Question 3

Chron’s disease primarily affects young adults and affects what anatomic region?

Answer 3

Ileum

Question 4

What portion of the duodenum bends and courses inferiorly to the right of the pancreatic head?

Answer 4

Second

Question 5

What portion of the GI tract have walls that are thicker and can nearly always be visualized sonographically in the normal patient using a transabdominal scanning approach?

Answer 5

Stomach

Question 6

What carcinoma affects more men and elderly with about equal frequency in the middle to lower third of the esophagus?

Answer 6

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 7

Where is the body and antrum of the stomach located relative to the gallbladder and porta hepatis?

Answer 7

Medial

Question 8

Where is the body and antrum of the stomach located relative to the left hepatic lobe?

Answer 8

Posterior or inferior

Question 9

Gastric carcinoma arises from what layer of the stomach?

Answer 9

Mucosa

Question 10

What portion of the duodenum includes the duodenal bulb?

Answer 10

First

Question 11

What is the most common primary neoplastic lesion of the small bowel?

Answer 11

Myomas

Question 12

What region does inflammation usually start with ulcerative colitis that is an inflammatory disease confined to the colonic mucosa and submucosa?

Answer 12

Rectal

Question 13

What is the normal wall thickness when the colon is distended to a diameter of greater or equal to 5 cm?

Answer 13

2 mm to 4 mm thick

Question 14

When would a sonographer expect to see bubbles escape from the bowel?

Answer 14

Duodenal bulb perforation

Question 15

Failure of the intestine to propel its contents due to diminished motility

Answer 15

Ileus

Question 16

Abnormal twisting of the intestines that can lead to obstruction, gangrene, perforation, and peritonitis

Answer 16

Volvulus

Question 17

Difficulty swallowing

Answer 17

Dysphagia

Question 18

Fecalith or calcification found in the appendiceal lumen

Answer 18

Appendicolith

Question 19

An erosion in the mucosal layer of the wall of the GI tract

Answer 19

Ulcer

Question 20

Rhythmic dilatation and contraction that propels the contents of the GI tract

Answer 20

Peristalsis

Question 21

What is the innermost layer of the bowel wall

Answer 21

epithelium

Question 22

What is the most common esophageal cancer most commonly located in the upper and mid-esophagus?

Answer 22

Squamous Cell

Question 23

What describes the location of the esophagogastric junction?

Answer 23

Posterior to the left lobe and to the right of the abdominal aorta

Question 24

Where are the layers of the GI wall thickest

Answer 24

stomach

Question 25

What should the bowel wall measure when the stomach is not distended?

Answer 25

4 to 6 mm

Question 26

Where does the inflammation start in Crohns disease

Answer 26

submucosa

Question 27

What does crohns disease primarily affect?

Answer 27

Ileum

Question 28

What is the most common benign tumor of the small bowel?

Answer 28

Leiomyoma

Question 29

When performing a sonograph examination, what structure will help locate the appendix?

Answer 29

Cecum

Question 30

What term describes a positive sign to rebound tenderness and pain located over the area of the appendix?

Answer 30

McBurney sign

Question 31

Where do the majority of colon cancers occur?

Answer 31

rectum and sigmoid colon

Question 32

Which part of the GI tract can be seen curving around the pancreatic head

Answer 32

duodenum

Question 33

The GI tract is, essentially, a __________ foot muscular tube, originating at eh mouth and terminating at the anus

Answer 33

30

Question 34

The sonographic structure of the bowel is usually described as five layers: three ____________ layers separated by two ______________ ones

Answer 34

echogenic hypoechoic

Question 35

The antrum and body of the stomach often appear as a target like structure inferior to ___________ __________ ___________ on longitudinal sonograms

Answer 35

the left lobe

Question 36

Chronic gastritis may present as enlarged rugal folds with generalized thickening of the ___________ layer of the wall

Answer 36

mucosal

Question 37

Sonographically with small bowel obstruction, the bowel loops are typically ____________ ____________ in cross section, and peristalsis can vary from none to markedly increased

Answer 37

perfectly round

Question 38

Telescoping of bowel into itself

Answer 38

Insussusception

Question 39

Associated with obstruction of the appendiceal lumen

Answer 39

appendicitis

Question 40

Sonographically, appendicitis appears as a non-compressible appendix greater than __________ mm with mucus and possible appendicolith in the appendiceal lumen

Answer 40

6

Question 41

Colon cancer is the ___________ leading cause of death from cancer

Answer 41

third

Question 42

What is the advantage of an endoluminal transducer

Answer 42

Higher frequencies can be used

Question 43

Crohn disease primarily affects which age group?

Answer 43

Young adults

Question 44

What is formed from the circular muscle fibers that surround the duodenal orifice of the common bile duct

Answer 44

Sphincter of oddi

Question 45

What is the primary site for metastasis from gastrointestinal cancer?

Answer 45

Liver

Question 46

Which statement best describes intussusception in adults?

Answer 46

Occurs in the setting of a tumor

Question 47

What i is the sonographic appearance of carcinoid tumor?

Answer 47

Sharply marginated hypoechoic masses without acoustic enhancement

Question 48

In cases of gastritis, thinning of the mucosa is considered a precursor of which pathology

Answer 48

Gastric carinoma

Question 49

What portion of the duodenum includes the duodenal bulb?

Answer 49

First