Bladder/Prostate/Male reproductive tract Flashcards
1
Q
What is the normal intratesticular arterial flow?
A
Low resistance
2
Q
What regulates the temperature of the testes?
A
Pampiniform plexus
3
Q
The penis is composed of :
A
two corpora cavernosa dorsolaterally and one corpus spongiosum midventrally
4
Q
What does the scrotum consist of?
A
Testicles, epididymis and distal vas deferens
5
Q
Spermatazoa exit the testis through the
A
efferent ducts
6
Q
The median raphe divides the
A
scrotum into two testicles
7
Q
The testicles are classified as:
A
Exocrine and endocrine glands
8
Q
Most common location for undescended testis
A
inguinal canal
9
Q
What does the normal veins of the pampiniform measure?
A
Less than 2 mm in diameter
10
Q
Testicular microlithiasis is diagnosed sonographically when
A
more than five echogenic, nonshadowing foci are seen per transducer field
11
Q
What tumor accounts for 80% of childhood testicular tumors?
A
Yolk sac
12
Q
Most cases of yolk sac tumors occur before the age of
A
2
13
Q
Most common extratesticular neoplasm is the benign
A
adenomatoid tumor
14
Q
Semen is composed of
A
60% alkaline fructose, 13% to 33% alkaline fluid and sperm
15
Q
Denonvilliers’ fascia lies between:
A
the prostate and the rectum
16
Q
Prostate cancer occurs most often in which zone
A
Peripheral zone
17
Q
Most common type of prostate cancer
A
Adenocarcinoma
18
Q
The prostate is supported by
A
The obturator internus and levator ani muscles
19
Q
The seminal vesicles join with the ductus deferens to form the:
A
ejaculatory ducts
20
Q
What are the most common cyst of the male pelvic?
A
Mullerian duct and utricle
21
Q
Most common symptomatic tumor like condition in the male pelvic?
A
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
22
Q
Which blood test is used to identify men at increased risk of prostate cancer?
A
PSA
23
Q
Which cyst contains spermatozoa?
A
Seminal vesicle cyst
24
Q
Where are the seminal vesicles located?
A
Posterior to the urinary bladder and inferior to the prostate
25
Which zone of the prostate is most affected by BPH?
Transition zone
26
What produces the Eiffel Tower appeearance?
Periurethral calculi
27
What term describes the involuntary emptying of the bladder
Incontinence
28
What term describes the inability to empty the bladder even when it is full?
Retention
29
The ureterovesical junction describes what anatomic location?
Where the ureter joins the urinary bladder
30
Anatomical division of the epididymis
Head, body and tail
31
What undergoes ectasia caused by dilation of the seminiferous tubules and is associated with epididymal cyst and spermatoceles?
Rete testis
32
Most common cause of acute scrotal pain
Epididymitis and epididmy - orchitis
33
Testicular torsion is most common at what age
12 to 18 years of age
34
Most common cause of epididymitis in young men
Sexually transmitted disease
35
Collection of serous fluid located between the layers of the tunica vaginalis
Hydrocele
36
Most common correctable cause of male infertility
Varicocele
37
Most common sonographic appearance of a malignant testicular mass
Hypoechoic mass
38
What lab values may be elevated with testicular malignancy?
AFP
39
Most common malignancy of the testicles
Seminoma
40
Dilated group of veins within the scrotum
Varicocele
41
Most common location of a varicocele
Left side of the scrotum
42
Most common cancer found in men
Prostate cancer
43
Technique that is useful for providing sonographic evidence of a varicocele
Valsalva maneuver
44
The blue dot sign is indicative of:
Testicular torsion
45
Most common malignancy of the penis
Squamous cell carcinoma
46
What is the exocrine function of the testicles?
to produce sperm
47
Dilated veins are considered a varicocele when they measure:
greater than 2 mm
48
Most likely sonographic appearance of a seminoma
Hypoechoic
49
Enlargement of the prostate in older men is most often caused by
BPH
50
Zinner syndrome consist of:
unilateral renal agenesis
ejaculatory duct obstruction
seminal vesicle cyst
51
The appearance of a torsed testicular appendage that can be observed as a blue dot just under the skin surface
Blue dot sign
52
Small benign mass within the testicle that contains karatin
epidermoid cyst
53
Paired erectile tissues of the penis
Corpora cavernosa
54
A sexually transmitted disease that can lead to infection of the genitals
Chlamydia
55
The muscle that raises the testis
Cremaster muscle
56
The tube that connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicles
ductus (vas) deferens
57
A cyst located anywhere along the length of the epididymis
Epididymal cyst
58
The condition of having an undescended testis or testicles
cryptorchidism
59
A coiled structure that is attached to the testicle and the posterior scrotal wall that is responsible for storing sperm
Epididymis
60
Inflammation of all or part of the epididymis
Epididymitis
61
A collection of blood within the scrotum
hematocele
62
A condition that results from the arterial blood supply to the testicle being cut off secondary to the twisting of the testicular axis
Testicular torsion
63
Structure that is formed by the tunica albuginea and contains the rete testis
Mediastinum testis
64
Inflammation of the testis
Orchitis
65
The largest zone of the prostate
Peripheral zone
66
Polyorchidism
Having more than two testicle
67
A network of tubes that carry sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis
Rete testis
68
A fluid that contains secretions from the testicles, seminal vesicles and prostate gland
Semen
69
Small glands located superior to the prostate gland and posterior to the base of the bladder, which secrete an alkaline based fluid
Seminal vesicles
70
The structure that travels through the inguinal canal and contains blood vessels, nerves, lymph nodes and the cremaster muscle
Spermatic cord
71
Location of spermatogenesis within the testicles
Seminiferous tubules
72
A common cyst found most often in the head of the epididymis that is composed of nonviable sperm, fat, cellular debris, and lymphocytes
Spermatocele
73
The production of sperm
spermatogenesis
74
Dense connective tissue that is closely applied to each testicle; it is also located within the penis
Tunica albuginea
75
Structure that separates the scrotum into two separate compartments internally
Tunica dartos
76
Paired serous coatings of the testis
Tunica vaginalis
77
A form of male contraception in which the vas deferens is surgically interrupted to prohibit the flow of sperm from the testis
Vasectomy
78
Gland that secretes pre ejaculatory fluid that lubricates the penile urethra before ejaculation
Bulbourethral gland
79
Component of the erectile tissue of the penis that contains the urethra
corpus spongiosum
80
A type of neoplasm derived from germ cells of the gonads: may be found outside the reproductive tract
Germ cell tumor
81
The presence of blood in the semen
Hematospermai
82
Normal passageway in the lower anterior abdomen wall that allows for the passage of the spermatic cord into the scrotum
Inguinal canal
83
A condition in which a male ha an extra X chromosome
Klinefelter syndrome
84
Characteristic features of Klinefelter syndrome
small testicles
infertility
gynecomastia
long legs
abnormally low intelligence
85
An anomaly where left renal vein entrapment occurs between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta
Nutcracker syndrome
86
Group of veins in the spermatic cord
Pampiniform plexus
87
The buildup of fibrous plaque ( scar tissue) and calcifications within the penis that results in a painful curvature
Peyronie disease
88
A protein produced by the prostate gland
Prostate - specific antigen (PSA)
89
A pus collection within the scrotum
Pyocele
90
Extratesticular calculus
scrotal pearl
91
The cystic dilation and formation of cyst within the rete testis
tubular ectasia of the rete testis
92
The testicular appendage located between the head of the epididymis and the superior pole of the testis
appendix testis
93
The testicular appendage located at the head of the epididymis
appendix epididymis
94
The benign enlargement of the prostate gland
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
95
The condition in which the patien tlacks the normal posterior fixation of the testis and epididymis to the scrotal wall
"Bell - clapper" deformity
96
Deep layer of fascia that covers the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum of the penis
Buck fascia
97
Hormone typically only produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta: may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
98
The protrusion of bowel or abdominal contents through the inguinal canal
Inguinal hernia
99
Performed by attempting to forcibly exhale while keeping the mouth and nose closed
Valsalva maneuver
100
Elevated area within the prostatic urethra at which the ejaculatory ducts meet the urethra
Verumontanum
