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Abdomen II > Bladder/Prostate/Male reproductive tract > Flashcards

Bladder/Prostate/Male reproductive tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal intratesticular arterial flow?

A

Low resistance

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2
Q

What regulates the temperature of the testes?

A

Pampiniform plexus

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3
Q

The penis is composed of :

A

two corpora cavernosa dorsolaterally and one corpus spongiosum midventrally

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4
Q

What does the scrotum consist of?

A

Testicles, epididymis and distal vas deferens

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5
Q

Spermatazoa exit the testis through the

A

efferent ducts

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6
Q

The median raphe divides the

A

scrotum into two testicles

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7
Q

The testicles are classified as:

A

Exocrine and endocrine glands

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8
Q

Most common location for undescended testis

A

inguinal canal

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9
Q

What does the normal veins of the pampiniform measure?

A

Less than 2 mm in diameter

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10
Q

Testicular microlithiasis is diagnosed sonographically when

A

more than five echogenic, nonshadowing foci are seen per transducer field

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11
Q

What tumor accounts for 80% of childhood testicular tumors?

A

Yolk sac

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12
Q

Most cases of yolk sac tumors occur before the age of

A

2

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13
Q

Most common extratesticular neoplasm is the benign

A

adenomatoid tumor

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14
Q

Semen is composed of

A

60% alkaline fructose, 13% to 33% alkaline fluid and sperm

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15
Q

Denonvilliers’ fascia lies between:

A

the prostate and the rectum

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16
Q

Prostate cancer occurs most often in which zone

A

Peripheral zone

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17
Q

Most common type of prostate cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

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18
Q

The prostate is supported by

A

The obturator internus and levator ani muscles

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19
Q

The seminal vesicles join with the ductus deferens to form the:

A

ejaculatory ducts

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20
Q

What are the most common cyst of the male pelvic?

A

Mullerian duct and utricle

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21
Q

Most common symptomatic tumor like condition in the male pelvic?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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22
Q

Which blood test is used to identify men at increased risk of prostate cancer?

A

PSA

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23
Q

Which cyst contains spermatozoa?

A

Seminal vesicle cyst

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24
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located?

A

Posterior to the urinary bladder and inferior to the prostate

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25
Q

Which zone of the prostate is most affected by BPH?

A

Transition zone

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26
Q

What produces the Eiffel Tower appeearance?

A

Periurethral calculi

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27
Q

What term describes the involuntary emptying of the bladder

A

Incontinence

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28
Q

What term describes the inability to empty the bladder even when it is full?

A

Retention

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29
Q

The ureterovesical junction describes what anatomic location?

A

Where the ureter joins the urinary bladder

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30
Q

Anatomical division of the epididymis

A

Head, body and tail

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31
Q

What undergoes ectasia caused by dilation of the seminiferous tubules and is associated with epididymal cyst and spermatoceles?

A

Rete testis

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32
Q

Most common cause of acute scrotal pain

A

Epididymitis and epididmy - orchitis

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33
Q

Testicular torsion is most common at what age

A

12 to 18 years of age

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34
Q

Most common cause of epididymitis in young men

A

Sexually transmitted disease

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35
Q

Collection of serous fluid located between the layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

Hydrocele

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36
Q

Most common correctable cause of male infertility

A

Varicocele

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37
Q

Most common sonographic appearance of a malignant testicular mass

A

Hypoechoic mass

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38
Q

What lab values may be elevated with testicular malignancy?

A

AFP

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39
Q

Most common malignancy of the testicles

A

Seminoma

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40
Q

Dilated group of veins within the scrotum

A

Varicocele

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41
Q

Most common location of a varicocele

A

Left side of the scrotum

42
Q

Most common cancer found in men

A

Prostate cancer

43
Q

Technique that is useful for providing sonographic evidence of a varicocele

A

Valsalva maneuver

44
Q

The blue dot sign is indicative of:

A

Testicular torsion

45
Q

Most common malignancy of the penis

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

46
Q

What is the exocrine function of the testicles?

A

to produce sperm

47
Q

Dilated veins are considered a varicocele when they measure:

A

greater than 2 mm

48
Q

Most likely sonographic appearance of a seminoma

A

Hypoechoic

49
Q

Enlargement of the prostate in older men is most often caused by

A

BPH

50
Q

Zinner syndrome consist of:

A

unilateral renal agenesis
ejaculatory duct obstruction
seminal vesicle cyst

51
Q

The appearance of a torsed testicular appendage that can be observed as a blue dot just under the skin surface

A

Blue dot sign

52
Q

Small benign mass within the testicle that contains karatin

A

epidermoid cyst

53
Q

Paired erectile tissues of the penis

A

Corpora cavernosa

54
Q

A sexually transmitted disease that can lead to infection of the genitals

A

Chlamydia

55
Q

The muscle that raises the testis

A

Cremaster muscle

56
Q

The tube that connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicles

A

ductus (vas) deferens

57
Q

A cyst located anywhere along the length of the epididymis

A

Epididymal cyst

58
Q

The condition of having an undescended testis or testicles

A

cryptorchidism

59
Q

A coiled structure that is attached to the testicle and the posterior scrotal wall that is responsible for storing sperm

A

Epididymis

60
Q

Inflammation of all or part of the epididymis

A

Epididymitis

61
Q

A collection of blood within the scrotum

A

hematocele

62
Q

A condition that results from the arterial blood supply to the testicle being cut off secondary to the twisting of the testicular axis

A

Testicular torsion

63
Q

Structure that is formed by the tunica albuginea and contains the rete testis

A

Mediastinum testis

64
Q

Inflammation of the testis

A

Orchitis

65
Q

The largest zone of the prostate

A

Peripheral zone

66
Q

Polyorchidism

A

Having more than two testicle

67
Q

A network of tubes that carry sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis

A

Rete testis

68
Q

A fluid that contains secretions from the testicles, seminal vesicles and prostate gland

A

Semen

69
Q

Small glands located superior to the prostate gland and posterior to the base of the bladder, which secrete an alkaline based fluid

A

Seminal vesicles

70
Q

The structure that travels through the inguinal canal and contains blood vessels, nerves, lymph nodes and the cremaster muscle

A

Spermatic cord

71
Q

Location of spermatogenesis within the testicles

A

Seminiferous tubules

72
Q

A common cyst found most often in the head of the epididymis that is composed of nonviable sperm, fat, cellular debris, and lymphocytes

A

Spermatocele

73
Q

The production of sperm

A

spermatogenesis

74
Q

Dense connective tissue that is closely applied to each testicle; it is also located within the penis

A

Tunica albuginea

75
Q

Structure that separates the scrotum into two separate compartments internally

A

Tunica dartos

76
Q

Paired serous coatings of the testis

A

Tunica vaginalis

77
Q

A form of male contraception in which the vas deferens is surgically interrupted to prohibit the flow of sperm from the testis

A

Vasectomy

78
Q

Gland that secretes pre ejaculatory fluid that lubricates the penile urethra before ejaculation

A

Bulbourethral gland

79
Q

Component of the erectile tissue of the penis that contains the urethra

A

corpus spongiosum

80
Q

A type of neoplasm derived from germ cells of the gonads: may be found outside the reproductive tract

A

Germ cell tumor

81
Q

The presence of blood in the semen

A

Hematospermai

82
Q

Normal passageway in the lower anterior abdomen wall that allows for the passage of the spermatic cord into the scrotum

A

Inguinal canal

83
Q

A condition in which a male ha an extra X chromosome

A

Klinefelter syndrome

84
Q

Characteristic features of Klinefelter syndrome

A

small testicles
infertility
gynecomastia
long legs
abnormally low intelligence

85
Q

An anomaly where left renal vein entrapment occurs between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta

A

Nutcracker syndrome

86
Q

Group of veins in the spermatic cord

A

Pampiniform plexus

87
Q

The buildup of fibrous plaque ( scar tissue) and calcifications within the penis that results in a painful curvature

A

Peyronie disease

88
Q

A protein produced by the prostate gland

A

Prostate - specific antigen (PSA)

89
Q

A pus collection within the scrotum

A

Pyocele

90
Q

Extratesticular calculus

A

scrotal pearl

91
Q

The cystic dilation and formation of cyst within the rete testis

A

tubular ectasia of the rete testis

92
Q

The testicular appendage located between the head of the epididymis and the superior pole of the testis

A

appendix testis

93
Q

The testicular appendage located at the head of the epididymis

A

appendix epididymis

94
Q

The benign enlargement of the prostate gland

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

95
Q

The condition in which the patien tlacks the normal posterior fixation of the testis and epididymis to the scrotal wall

A

“Bell - clapper” deformity

96
Q

Deep layer of fascia that covers the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum of the penis

A

Buck fascia

97
Q

Hormone typically only produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta: may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

98
Q

The protrusion of bowel or abdominal contents through the inguinal canal

A

Inguinal hernia

99
Q

Performed by attempting to forcibly exhale while keeping the mouth and nose closed

A

Valsalva maneuver

100
Q

Elevated area within the prostatic urethra at which the ejaculatory ducts meet the urethra

A

Verumontanum

Abdomen II (5 decks)

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