Thyroid neoplasms 01-16

Question 1

follicular adenoma?

Answer 1

Benign proliferation of follicles surrounded by a fibrous capsule

Question 1

Benign proliferation of follicles surrounded by a fibrous capsule?

Answer 1

follicular adenoma

Question 2

follicular adenoma - fuctional or non-functional?

Answer 2

non-functional

Question 3

Most common type of carcinoma?

Answer 3

papillary

Question 4

papillary carcinoma - causes?

Answer 4

exposure to ionizing radiation in childhood

Question 5

papillae lined by cells with clear, Orphan Annie eye nuclei and nuclear grooves?

Answer 5

papillary carcinoma

Question 6

papillary carcinoma histo?

Answer 6

papillae lined by cells with clear, Orphan Annie eye nuclei and nuclear grooves

Question 7

common finding in papillary carcinoma?

Answer 7

psammosa bodies

Question 8

psammosa bodies in what cancer?

Answer 8

papillary carcinoma

Question 9

where spreads papillary carcinoma?

Answer 9

cervical lymph nodes, but prognosis is excellent

Question 10

Follicular carcinoma definition?

Answer 10

malignant proliferation of follicles surrounded by fibrous capsule WITH INVASION through the capsule

Question 11

what distinguish follicular carcinoma vs adenoma?

Answer 11

invasion through the capsule

Question 12

in follicular carcinoma entire capsule shoulf be examined microscopically.
FNA examines only cells, not capsule - therefore FNA cannot distinguish carcinoma and adenoma

Answer 12

.

Question 13

follicular carcinoma - how spread metastasis?

Answer 13

hematogenously

Question 14

medullary carcinoma definition?

Answer 14

malignant proliferation of parafolicular C cells.

Question 15

What do C cells?

Answer 15

secrete calcitonin

Question 16

what does calcitonin?

Answer 16

lowers serum calcium by increasing renal calcium excretion but is inactive at normal physiologic levels.

Question 17

What if high levels of calcitonin are produced by carcionoma?

Answer 17

leads to hypocalcemia

Question 18

calcitonin deposits as what?

Answer 18

calcitonin deposits within tumor as amyloid

Question 19

medullary carcinoma histo?

Answer 19

sheets of malignant cells in an amyloid stroma

Question 20

medullary carcinoma in what genetic cases?

Answer 20

MEN 2A and 2B - that are associated with RET oncogene

Question 21

MEN 2a results in what?

Answer 21

medullary carcinoma, pheochromocitoma, AND parathyroid adenomas (2a) or ganglioneuromas of the oral mucosa (2B).

Question 22

if detected RET - what to do with thyroid?

Answer 22

prophylactic thyroidectomy

Question 23

Anaplastic carcinoma definition?

Answer 23

undifferentiated tumor of the thyroid.

Question 24

Anaplastic carcinoma population?

Answer 24

elderly women.

Question 25

Anaplastic carcinoma invasion?

Answer 25

invades local structures, leading to dysphagia or resp. compromise

poor prognosis

differentiate with Riedel thyroiditis.