Thyroid neoplasms 01-16 Flashcards

1
Q

follicular adenoma?

A

Benign proliferation of follicles surrounded by a fibrous capsule

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1
Q

Benign proliferation of follicles surrounded by a fibrous capsule?

A

follicular adenoma

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2
Q

follicular adenoma - fuctional or non-functional?

A

non-functional

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3
Q

Most common type of carcinoma?

A

papillary

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4
Q

papillary carcinoma - causes?

A

exposure to ionizing radiation in childhood

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5
Q

papillae lined by cells with clear, Orphan Annie eye nuclei and nuclear grooves?

A

papillary carcinoma

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6
Q

papillary carcinoma histo?

A

papillae lined by cells with clear, Orphan Annie eye nuclei and nuclear grooves

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7
Q

common finding in papillary carcinoma?

A

psammosa bodies

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8
Q

psammosa bodies in what cancer?

A

papillary carcinoma

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9
Q

where spreads papillary carcinoma?

A

cervical lymph nodes, but prognosis is excellent

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10
Q

Follicular carcinoma definition?

A

malignant proliferation of follicles surrounded by fibrous capsule WITH INVASION through the capsule

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11
Q

what distinguish follicular carcinoma vs adenoma?

A

invasion through the capsule

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12
Q

in follicular carcinoma entire capsule shoulf be examined microscopically.
FNA examines only cells, not capsule - therefore FNA cannot distinguish carcinoma and adenoma

A

.

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13
Q

follicular carcinoma - how spread metastasis?

A

hematogenously

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14
Q

medullary carcinoma definition?

A

malignant proliferation of parafolicular C cells.

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15
Q

What do C cells?

A

secrete calcitonin

16
Q

what does calcitonin?

A

lowers serum calcium by increasing renal calcium excretion but is inactive at normal physiologic levels.

17
Q

What if high levels of calcitonin are produced by carcionoma?

A

leads to hypocalcemia

18
Q

calcitonin deposits as what?

A

calcitonin deposits within tumor as amyloid

19
Q

medullary carcinoma histo?

A

sheets of malignant cells in an amyloid stroma

20
Q

medullary carcinoma in what genetic cases?

A

MEN 2A and 2B - that are associated with RET oncogene

21
Q

MEN 2a results in what?

A

medullary carcinoma, pheochromocitoma, AND parathyroid adenomas (2a) or ganglioneuromas of the oral mucosa (2B).

22
Q

if detected RET - what to do with thyroid?

A

prophylactic thyroidectomy

23
Q

Anaplastic carcinoma definition?

A

undifferentiated tumor of the thyroid.

24
Anaplastic carcinoma population?
elderly women.
25
Anaplastic carcinoma invasion?
invades local structures, leading to dysphagia or resp. compromise poor prognosis differentiate with Riedel thyroiditis.
26