Thyroid neoplasms 01-16 Flashcards
follicular adenoma?
Benign proliferation of follicles surrounded by a fibrous capsule
Benign proliferation of follicles surrounded by a fibrous capsule?
follicular adenoma
follicular adenoma - fuctional or non-functional?
non-functional
Most common type of carcinoma?
papillary
papillary carcinoma - causes?
exposure to ionizing radiation in childhood
papillae lined by cells with clear, Orphan Annie eye nuclei and nuclear grooves?
papillary carcinoma
papillary carcinoma histo?
papillae lined by cells with clear, Orphan Annie eye nuclei and nuclear grooves
common finding in papillary carcinoma?
psammosa bodies
psammosa bodies in what cancer?
papillary carcinoma
where spreads papillary carcinoma?
cervical lymph nodes, but prognosis is excellent
Follicular carcinoma definition?
malignant proliferation of follicles surrounded by fibrous capsule WITH INVASION through the capsule
what distinguish follicular carcinoma vs adenoma?
invasion through the capsule
in follicular carcinoma entire capsule shoulf be examined microscopically.
FNA examines only cells, not capsule - therefore FNA cannot distinguish carcinoma and adenoma
.
follicular carcinoma - how spread metastasis?
hematogenously
medullary carcinoma definition?
malignant proliferation of parafolicular C cells.
What do C cells?
secrete calcitonin
what does calcitonin?
lowers serum calcium by increasing renal calcium excretion but is inactive at normal physiologic levels.
What if high levels of calcitonin are produced by carcionoma?
leads to hypocalcemia
calcitonin deposits as what?
calcitonin deposits within tumor as amyloid
medullary carcinoma histo?
sheets of malignant cells in an amyloid stroma
medullary carcinoma in what genetic cases?
MEN 2A and 2B - that are associated with RET oncogene
MEN 2a results in what?
medullary carcinoma, pheochromocitoma, AND parathyroid adenomas (2a) or ganglioneuromas of the oral mucosa (2B).
if detected RET - what to do with thyroid?
prophylactic thyroidectomy
Anaplastic carcinoma definition?
undifferentiated tumor of the thyroid.
Anaplastic carcinoma population?
elderly women.
Anaplastic carcinoma invasion?
invades local structures, leading to dysphagia or resp. compromise
poor prognosis
differentiate with Riedel thyroiditis.
