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1 STEP Endocrinology (patho/UW) > Endocrine pharm FA (no insulin) > Flashcards

Endocrine pharm FA (no insulin) Flashcards

1
Q

what are thionamides?

A

propylthiouracil, methimazole

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1
Q

what inhibits propylthiouracil and methimazole?

A

THYROID PEROXIDASE -> oxidation of iodide, organification, coupling of iodine –> inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis

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2
Q

What additionaly blocks PTU, but not methimazole?

A

5’-deiodinase

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3
Q

what does 5’-deiodinase?

A

peripheral conversion of T4 -> T3

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4
Q

Indication for thionamides?

A

Hyperthyroidism

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5
Q

What medication is used in primary trimester for hyperthyroidism? why?

A

PTU.
methimazole is theratogenic

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6
Q

What medication is used in secondary and tertiary trimester for hyperthyroidism? why?

A

Methimazole.
PTU can cause hepatoxocity

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7
Q

Do thionamides used to treat Graves ophthalmopathy?

A

NO
it is treated with corticosteroids

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8
Q

adverse. Methimazole and pregnancy?

A

Theratogenic. Can cause aplasia cutis

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9
Q

Thionamides - adverse?

A

Maculopapular rashes.
AGRANULOCYTOSIS - buvo UW klausimas
Aplastic anemia
Hepatotoxic (PTU) - incr. transaminases
Methimazole-induced cholestatic jaundice - in first trimester

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10
Q

Why PTU in pregnancy?

A

it is more strongly protein bound, therefore less cross placenta

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11
Q

What is levothyroxine? zymejimas

A

T4

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12
Q

What is liothyronine/trijodtironinas? zymejimas

A

T3

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13
Q

Mechanism of T3 and T4?

A

thyroid hormone replacement

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14
Q

Clinical use of T4 and T3?

A

Hypothyroidism, myxedema.

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15
Q

T4 and T3 can be used to abuse what?

A

abused for weight loss

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16
Q

how to differentiate endogenous and exogenous hyperthyroidism?

A

TSH receptor antibodies, radioactive iodine uptake, blood flow on ultrasound

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17
Q

ADH antagonists?

A

conivaptan, tolvaptan

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18
Q

conivaptan, tolvaptan group?

A

ADH antagonists

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19
Q

Clinical use of ADH antagonists?

A

SIADH

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20
Q

ADH antagonists blocks what?

A

V2 receptors - that are in kidney

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21
Q

Desmopressin clinical use?

A

Central DI, von Willebrand diseases, sleep enuresis, hemophilia A (VIII)

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22
Q

Central DI?

A

Desmopressin

23
Q

von Willebrand disease?

A

Desmopressin

24
Q

Sleep enuresis?

A

Desmopressin

25
Q

Hemophilia A (VIII)?

A

Desmopressin

26
Q

GH clinical use?2

A

GH deficiency, turner syndrome

27
Q

Oxytocin clinical use?

A

labor induction (stimulates uterine contractions), controls uterine hemorrhage (decrease)
elicits milk ejection

28
Q

Oxytocin half life?

29
Q

Somatostatin analog?

A

octreotide

30
Q

Somatostatin analog (octreotide) use?

A

Acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, gastrinoma, esophageal varices

31
Q

Acromegaly?

A

Somatostatin analog (octreotide)

32
Q

carcinoid syndrome?

A

Somatostatin analog (octreotide)

33
Q

gastrinoma?

A

Somatostatin analog (octreotide)

34
Q

esophageal varices?

A

Somatostatin analog (octreotide)

35
Q

Demeclocycline mechanism?

A

ADH antagonist (member of tetracycline family)

36
Q

ADH antagonist (member of tetracycline family)?

A

demeclocycline

37
Q

Demeclocycline use?

38
Q

Demeclocycline clinical use?

A

Nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth

39
Q

what drug may lead to Nephrogenic DI?

A

Demeclocycline

40
Q

what drug may lead to photosensitivity?

A

Demeclocycline

41
Q

what drug may lead to abnormalities of bone and teeth?

A

Demeclocycline

42
Q

Fludrocortisone group?

A

Synthetic aldosterone analog WITH LITTLE Glucocorticoid effects

43
Q

Synthetic aldosterone analog WITH LITTLE Glucocorticoid effects?

A

Fludrocortisone

44
Q

Fludrocortisone use?

A

Mineralcorticoid replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency

45
Q

Mineralcorticoid replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency?

A

Fludrocortisone

46
Q

Fludrocortisone adverse?

A

similar to glucocorticoids. also edema, exacerbation of heart failure, hyperpigmentation

47
Q

adverse: similar to glucocorticoids. also edema, exacerbation of heart failure, hyperpigmentation?

A

Fludrocortisone

48
Q

Fludrocortisone adverse to skin?

A

hyperpigmentation

49
Q

Cinacalcet - mechanism?

A

sensitizes Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) in parathyroid glands to circulating Ca -> decr. PTH

50
Q

what body part is affected by cinacalcet?

A

parathyroid glands

51
Q

cinacalcet use?

A

2 hyperparathyroidism in CKF.
Hypercalcemia in 1 hyperparathyroidism (if parathyroidectomy fails)
In parathyroid carcinoma

52
Q

cinacalcet adverse?

A

hypocalcemia

53
Q

Sevelamer mechanism?

A

nonabsorbable phosphate binder that prevents phosphate absorbtion from the GI tract

54
Q

nonabsorbable phosphate binder that prevents phosphate absorbtion from the GI tract?

55
Q

Sevelamer use?

A

hyperphosphatemia in CKD

56
Q

sevelamer adverse?

A

hypophosphatemia, GI upset

1 STEP Endocrinology (patho/UW) (12 decks)

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