Thyroid Hormone Flashcards
The structures of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones differ only by a single atom of ____
Iodine
Thyroid hormones are synthesized by ____ cells of the thyroid gland
Follicular epithelial cells (thyrocytes)
The lumen center of a thyroid follicle is called ___
Colloid
The primary constituent of the colloid is a large glycoprotein called ___
Thyroglobulin
Which form of thyroid hormone is the “active” form?
T3
Which form of thyroid hormone is the major secretory product?
T4
Thyroid hormones are similar to steroids in that they are bound to ____ upon entering the blood. This gives them a much greater half-life than unbound hormones
Plasma proteins
In target tissues, the enzyme ___ converts T4 to T3 by removing one atom of iodine
5’ iodinase
The hypothalamus releases __ which talks to the anterior pituitary gland, which then releases __ to talk to the thyroid gland
TRH, TSH
Thyroid hormones are responsible for entering the target cells and binding to nuclear receptors in the ___, which either stimulates or inhibits _____ of a large number of genes
DNA, transcription
___ hormone is very important in the growth and development (especially early on in life) of the CNS, skeletal system, epidermis, and teeth
Thyroid
One of the major diagnoses of hyperthyroidism is _____ disease
Graves
Graves’ disease is an _____ disease
Autoimmune (antibodies form and attack the body’s own tissues)
Exophthalmos is…
Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the eyes causing swelling
A common diagnoses of hypothyroidism is ___
Hashimoto’s disease
