Adrenal Gland

Question 1

Name the three layers of the adrenal cortex, from deep to superficial

Answer 1

1. Zona reticularis
2. Zona fasciculata
3. Zona glomerulosa

Question 2

The three main secretions of the adrenal cortex are:

Answer 2

1. Androgens
2. Cortisol
3. Aldosterone

Question 3

Androgens are secreted by what layer of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 3

Zona reticularis

Question 4

Aldosterone is secreted by what layer of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 4

Zona glomerulosa

Question 5

Cortisol is secreted by what layer of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 5

Zona fasciculata

Question 6

The adrenal medulla is mainly responsible for secreting what hormones?

Answer 6

Epinephrine, norepinephrine (fight or flight)

Question 7

____, secreted by the adrenal cortex, have important effects on sodium and potassium balance

Answer 7

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Question 8

_____, secreted by the adrenal cortex, have important influence on carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism

Answer 8

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Question 9

The hypothalamus releases _____, which stimulates the release of _____ from the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 9

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH),
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 10

Aldosterone increases _____ reabsorption and _____ secretion

Answer 10

Sodium, potassium

Question 11

Angiotensinogen is converted to Angiotensin I by _____, which is secreted by the kidneys

Answer 11

Renin

Question 12

Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by _____

Answer 12

Angiotensin converting enzyme

Question 13

Adrenocortical hormones are synthesized from _____

Answer 13

Cholesterol

Question 14

Addison’s disease is an example of _____cortisolism (hyper, hypo)

Answer 14

Hypo

Question 15

Cushing’s syndrome is an example of ___cortisolism (hyper, hypo)

Answer 15

Hyper

Question 16

Cushing’s syndrome is a defect of the _____, while cushing’s disease is a defect of the ______

Answer 16

Adrenal cortex (overproducing glucocorticoids), 
anterior pituitary (overproducing ACTH)

Question 17

In males, _____ is mainly responsible for sex characteristics and libido, while in females, _____ is mainly responsible for the same

Answer 17

Testosterone, adrenal androgens (secreted by the zona reticularis layer of the adrenal cortex)