Renal Physio Flashcards
Water accounts for approximately what percentage of body weight? Of this percentage, what % is intracellular and what % is extracellular body weight?
60% body weight
40% ICF, 20% ECF
The major cations in the ICF are ___ and ___
Potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+)
The major anions in the ICF (intracellular fluid) are ____ and ____
Proteins, organic phosphates (ex: adenosine triphosphate ATP)
The two sub compartments of the extracellular fluid (ECF) are:
- interstitial fluid
- plasma
The major cation in the ECF is ____
Sodium (Na+)
The major anions in the ECF are ___ and ___
- chloride (Cl-)
- bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Plasma, which is the aqueous component of blood constitutes approx. ___% of blood volume
55%
The volume of a body fluid compartment depends on the amount of ____ it contains
Solute
_____ is the concentration of osmotically active particles, expressed as milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L)
Osmolarity
To be in a steady state, ____ osmolarity must equal ____ osmolarity
Intracellular, extracellular
Volume ____ means a decrease in ECF volume
Contraction
Volume ____ means an increase in ECF volume
Expansion
____ is the volume of plasma completely cleared of a substance by the kidneys per unit time
Renal clearance
The kidneys receive about __% of the cardiac output
25% (among the highest of the organ systems)
The major mechanism for changing the renal blood flow is by changing ___ ___
Arteriolar resistance
Both afferent and efferent arterioles are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers that produce _____ by activating __ receptors
Vasoconstriction, alpha-1
____ is a potent vasoconstrictor of both afferent and efferent arterioles
Angiotensin II
___, produced locally in the kidneys, modulate the vasoconstriction of the aff/eff arterioles caused by the sympathetic nervous system and angiotensin II
Prostaglandins
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ____ synthesis of prostaglandins and, therefore, interfere with the protective effects of prostaglandins on renal function
Inhibit
Urea and Uric acid, ammonia, salts (sodium, chloride, potassium), and creatinine are all examples of _____, which are excreted by the kidneys to maintain homeostasis and rid the body of waste products
Metabolites
Which kidney sits lower in the abdominal cavity?
Right (to accommodate the liver)
The functional units of the kidney are known as ____
Nephrons
Blood is ultrafiltered across the glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s space, which is the first step in ______
Urine formation
The efferent arteriole is smaller than the afferent arteriole, which creates a _____ gradient in the glomerulus
Pressure
