Thyroid Hormone

Question 1

What kind of hormone is the thyroid hormone?

Answer 1

Amine hormone

Question 2

What are the different types of hormones?

Answer 2

Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 3

What is the thyroid hormone produced by?

Answer 3

Thyroid gland

Question 4

What is the thyroid hormone’s target organs?

Answer 4

Almost all tissues

Question 5

Does the thyroid hormone have anabolic or catabolic effects? Does it increase anything?

Answer 5

• Both anabolic and catabolic
• increases basal metabolic rate

Question 6

What are the general effects of thyroid hormones?

Answer 6

1) Stimulates basal metabolism by increasing oxidative metabolism and anabolic cell functions
2) Regulates body temperature! Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism result in cold and heat intolerance.

Question 7

What specific actions does the thyroid hormone do to the bone?

Answer 7

• promote chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy
• promote chondrocyte ossification
• promote osteocyte differentiation

Question 8

What specific actions does the thyroid hormone do to the muscle?

Answer 8

• promote protein synthesis
• promote protein degradation
• promote mitochondria number
• promote conversion to fast-twitch fibers
• promote muscle loss

Question 9

What specific actions does the thyroid hormone do to adipose?

Answer 9

• promote fatty acid oxidation
• promote lipolysis
• promote TAG mobilization
• promote thermogenesis

Question 10

What is hypothyroidism? What are some symptoms?

Answer 10

Caused by underactive thyroid and insufficient thyroid hormones are produced.

Symptoms = increased sensitivity to cold, unexplained weight gain, fatigue, and depression

Question 11

What is hyperthyroidism? What are some symptoms?

Answer 11

Caused by an overactive thyroid and too much thyroid hormones are produced.

Symptoms = increased sensitivity to heat, sudden weight loss, and rapid pounding heartbeat.