Environmental Factors Affecting Growth - Physical Activity Flashcards
What are the three types of energy systems of physical exercise?
1) Phosphate energy (ATP-PC)
2) Anaerobic glycolysis
3) Aerobic system
In the phosphate energy (ATP-PC) system, tell me the characteristics of substrate, oxygen, activity level, duration, and provide an example.
- Substrate = Creatine phosphate and stored ATP
- Oxygen = No
- Activity Level = intense and powerful activity
- Duration = 10 s immediate
- EX = jump sprint
In the anaerobic glycolysis system, tell me the characteristics of substrate, oxygen, activity level, duration, and provide an example.
- Substrate = Glycogen
- Oxygen = No
- Activity Level = high intensity and submaximal long exercises
- Duration = 10-60 s short-duration
- EX = swimming 400 m
In the aerobic system, tell me the characteristics of substrate, oxygen, activity level, duration, and provide an example.
- Substrate = glucose fat
- Oxygen = Yes
- Activity Level = low/moderate intensity
- Duration = > 3 min long-duration
- EX = 1500 m marathon
What does the preservation of muscle mass require?
Requires a constant supply of mechanical stimuli that stimulate protein synthesis
What happens to the balance bewteen protei synthesis and protein degradation when inactive?
The balance is broken down to degradation
What promotes muscle hypertrophy?
Active physical activity
What is a myokine?
A peptide or protein that’s released from skeletal muscle cells
___________ is a major regulation of myokine expression and release?
Muscle contraction
Myokines exert multiple __________, ___________ and ______________ biological effects.
Autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine
Does adipose tissue increase or decrease in habitual activity? What about liver triglycerides?
- Adipose tissue = decrease
- Liver triglycerides = decrease
Does adipose tissue increase or decrease in chronic sedentary behavior? What about liver triglycerides?
- Adipose tissue = increase
- Liver triglycerides = increase
Increased activity during development increases…
…bone mass, density, and size
What does exercise before maturity do?
Increases peak bone mass
Does exercise after maturity have little or great impact?
Little impact
How does exercise impact fat?
Exercise stimulates lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and thermogenesis and eventually reduces fat mass.
How does fat play a role in exercise?
Fat provides a vital energy substrate for physical activity, especially in aerobic exercise.
How much does fat contribute in our energy during normal physical activities?
90%
What contributes to energy-dependent conditions during exercise?
Glycogen, glucose, blood fatty acid, and fat
