Catecholamine and Glucocorticoids Flashcards
What kind of hormone is catecholamine?
Amine hormone
What is catecholamine produced by?
Adrenal medulla
What is the effect of catecholamine?
Modulates sympathetic and parasympathetic stress responses
Where are hormones secreted? Location?
Adrenal gland! Found on the dorsal aspect of kidney.
Name the important layers of the adrenal gland and what hormones are associated with it.
- Adrenal Cortex Zona fasciculata –> hormone = glucocorticoids (ex: cortisol)
- Medulla –> hormone = epinephrine
How are catecholamines released?
Released in response to acute stress - “fight or flight response”
What specific actions do catecholamines do in the liver?
- promotes glycogenolysis
- promotes gluconeogenesis
What specific actions do catecholamines do in the muscle?
- promotes glycogenolysis
- promotes glycolysis
- inhibits protein degradation
What specific actions do catecholamines do in adipose?
- promotes lipolysis
- inhibits lipogenesis
How do synthetic catecholamines alter growth and development in livestock?
Synthetic catecholamines promote the growth of muscle over fat during the fattening period in cattle and pigs
What kind of hormone is glucocorticoids?
Steroid hormone
What is glucocorticoids produced by?
Adrenal cortex
What is the effect of glucocorticoids?
They are catabolic and modulates carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism
Describe the regulation of glucocorticoids.
1) Neurochemical signals from stress are sent to the hypothalamus.
2) The hypothalamus releases corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) to stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from the pituitary
3) ACTH induces adrenocortical cells to secrete GC in circulation
4) Negative feedback on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary via glucocorticoid receptors
What specific actions do glucocorticoids take in the liver?
promote glucose production
What specific actions do glucocorticoids take in the muscle?
- inhibit glucose uptake
- promote muscle atrophy
- promote protein degradation
What specific actions do glucocorticoids do in adipose?
promotes fat deposition
What specific actions do glucocorticoids do in the bone?
- inhibit bone formation
- inhibit bone mass
