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Metabolism II > Thyroid gland > Flashcards

Thyroid gland Flashcards

1
Q

What is the blood supply to the Thyroid gland?

A

Inferior thyroid arteries
Superior thyroid arteries
Superior/Inferior/middle thyroid veins

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2
Q

What innervates the thyroid gland?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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3
Q

What increases secretion of thyroid hormone?

A

Sympathetic innervation

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4
Q

What are the thyroid hormones synthesised from?

A

Tyrosine residues on Thyroglobulin protein

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5
Q

What causes secretion of Thyroid hormone?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone secreted from the Pituitary gland

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6
Q

What are the 2 Thyroid hormones?

A

T3 & T4

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7
Q

Which Thyroid hormone is more potent?

A

T3

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8
Q

Which Thyroid hormone has the shortest half life?

A

T4

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9
Q

What stimulates the release of TSH?

A

Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (From hypothalamus)

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10
Q

What is the state of most thyroid hormone in the blood?

A

Bound to proteins

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11
Q

What are the main actions of Thyroid hormones?

A

Increase BMR
Stimulate metabolic pathways
Promotes growth of tissues

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12
Q

What can Hypothyroidism produce in new borns?

A

Cretinism

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13
Q

What are the signs of Hyperthyroidism?

A

Heat intolerance
Weight loss
Tachycardia
Exopthalmos (bulging eyes)

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14
Q

What is Grave’s disease?

A

An autoimmune disease where production of an antibody that stimulates TSH receptors on follicle cells

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15
Q

What are the signs of Hypothyroidism?

A 
Cold intolerance
Weight gain
Bradycardia
Constipation
Mood swings
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16
Q

What is Hashimoto’s disease?

A

An autoimmune disease where the thyroid follicles are destroyed
An antibody is produced that blocks the TSH receptor on follicles

17
Q

How are Thyroid hormones inactivated?

A

T3 & T4 degraded by removal of Iodine in Kidneys and Liver

18
Q

What can be used to treat Hypothyroidism?

A

T4

19
Q

What can be used to treat Hyperthyroidism?

A

Surgery

Metabolism II (16 decks)

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