Session 6 Flashcards
Which cells have an absolute requirement for Glucose?
CNS & RBCs
How can protein/Amino acids produce energy?
Convert to glucose and ketone bodies
Direct oxidation
What controls blood glucose concentration?
The endocrine system
Define Hypoglycaemia
Blood glucose Coma/Death
Define Hyperglycaemia
Blood glucose >7.0mM
What are the effects of Insulin?
Its Anabolic Increases Glucose uptake Promotes storage of Glucose as Glycogen Promotes Lipogenesis Promotes protein synthesis
What are the effects of Glucagon?
Its Catabolic
Promotes Gluconeogenesis
Promotes Glycogenolysis
Promotes Lipolysis
What does Feeding stimulate?
Increased concentration of substances in blood causes the endocrine Pancreas to release Insulin
What does Fasting stimulate?
Falling blood glucose concentration stimulates Glucagon secretion
How is blood Glucose maintained in Starvation?
Action of Glucagon - Breakdowns hepatic Glycogen
What does the decreased blood Glucose cause?
Stimulates the Pituitary gland so ACTH released –> Cortisol (Stimulates Gluconeogenesis from protein and fat)
Why does Lipolysis happen at a high rate during starvation?
There is a low Insulin level and a high Lipolytic hormone level. Leads to high levels of free fatty acids in the blood
How are fatty acids preferentially used during starvation?
Cortisol stimulates fat breakdown and prevents cells from using Glucose
Glycerol becomes substrate for Gluconeogenesis so less need to breakdown proteins
How are Ketone bodies produced during starvation?
Fatty acids are oxidised in the Liver
Why are Ketone bodies produced during starvation?
They can be a substitute for Glucose for the brain. (Reduces need for Gluconeogenesis so less protein used)
