Thyroid Disorder Flashcards
Collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, mood, etc…
Endocrine System
Thyroid gland hormones
regulate ___ ___—
the speed at which cells
perform functions
metabolic rate
Thyroids 4 main functions
- Metabolic rate
- Carbohydrate, protein and fat metbolism
- Maintain bp
- Regulate growth and development
2 Thyroid Gland Hormones
- Thyroxine T4 levothyroxine
2. Triidothyronine T3
- Major hormone secreted by thyroid gland
* Requires iodine for synthesis
Thyroxine T4 Levothyroxine
- T4 converted to T3
- Enters target cells
- Binds to intracellular receptors
- Active form
Triiodothyronine T3
3 Thyroid Gland Hormones
- Thyroxine T4 levothyroxine
- Triidothyronine T3
- Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
____ is required for the synthesis of T4 and is
provided by dietary intake of iodized salt
Iodine
Once released into the bloodstream, thyroid
hormones can exist in the bound (to a protein)
or unbound form
Which is the form that is active of the 2
unbound form
Thyroid hormones are highly protein bound
___% for T4 and __% for T3
- 9
99. 5
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) • From the \_\_\_\_\_ • Stimulates growth of the thyroid gland • \_\_\_\_ and secretion of the thyroid hormones
hypothalamus
Synthesis
How do we test for thyroid disorders
Blood test is taken that measures unbound T4 and TSH levels
Hyperthyroidism
Increased serum T4 levels
Decreased serum TSH levels *
Hypothyroidism
- Decreased serum t4 levels
- Increased serum TSH levels *
• Thryroid gland enlarged and inflamed • Can be a result of hypo or hyperthyroidi sm
GOITER
Most common etiology of hyperthyroidism
Graves Diseases
They have been back to the grave and back
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism if undiagnosed
- Sweating
- Weight loss
- Nervousness
- Oversensitive to heat
- Fatigue
- Moist skin
- Tachycardia
- In graves disease there is bulging eyes
There are no special precautions to following when
treating dental patients who are well ____ with
thyroid medication
• Get medical consultation if needed
• ___ is contraindicated in patients with thyroid
storm (Rare)
controlled
Epinephrine
Can cause congestive heart failure and fluid retention
around the heart.
Hypothyroidism
3 Tx of Hyperthyroidism
- Thioamide drugs
- Radioactive Iodine
- Iodine
Mechanism of Action of Thiamide drugs
Inhibit thyroid hormone
production by interfering with in the incorporation of iodine
Example: Propylthiouracil (PTU), Methimazole (Tapazole)
S hort term only: reduces white blood cells
Patient drinks liquid containing sodium iodide that
destroys the overactive thyroid gland.
Patient usually becomes hypothyroid and must take
thyroid supplements for the rest of his or her life
Radioactive iodine
- Iodine
- ___ solution
- 10% potassium iodine/5% iodine
Lugol’s
Used in thyroid storm, a life threatening condition featuring: • Hypertension • Tachycardia • Confusion • Vomiting • Coma
Iodine
What causes hypothyroidism the etiology
Deficiency in secreation of T4 and T3 from the thyroid gland
Elevated serum levels of TSH
Is hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism more common in women
hypo
S/S of hypothyroidism undiagnosed
- Cold intolerance
- Weakness
- Tiredness
- Fatigue
- Hoarseness
- Constipation
- Aches, pains
2 Thyroid Replacement drugs
Thyroid USP (Armour) Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl, Variuous generics
___ ___ may cause allergic reactions since it is
derived from animal sources
Thyroid USP
For therapeutic purposes synthetic T4 is used because more constant blood levels can be achieved due to its
longer duration of action (half-life 7 days) than T3 (half- life 1 day)
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl, various generics)
