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Spring 2020 Oral Medicine > Thyroid Disorder > Flashcards

Thyroid Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

Collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, mood, etc…

A

Endocrine System

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2
Q

Thyroid gland hormones
regulate ___ ___—
the speed at which cells
perform functions

A

metabolic rate

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3
Q

Thyroids 4 main functions

A
  1. Metabolic rate
  2. Carbohydrate, protein and fat metbolism
  3. Maintain bp
  4. Regulate growth and development
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4
Q

2 Thyroid Gland Hormones

A
  1. Thyroxine T4 levothyroxine

2. Triidothyronine T3

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5
Q
  • Major hormone secreted by thyroid gland

* Requires iodine for synthesis

A

Thyroxine T4 Levothyroxine

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6
Q
  • T4 converted to T3
  • Enters target cells
  • Binds to intracellular receptors
  • Active form
A

Triiodothyronine T3

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7
Q

3 Thyroid Gland Hormones

A
  1. Thyroxine T4 levothyroxine
  2. Triidothyronine T3
  3. Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
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8
Q

____ is required for the synthesis of T4 and is

provided by dietary intake of iodized salt

A

Iodine

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9
Q

Once released into the bloodstream, thyroid
hormones can exist in the bound (to a protein)
or unbound form

Which is the form that is active of the 2

A

unbound form

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10
Q

Thyroid hormones are highly protein bound

___% for T4 and __% for T3

A
  1. 9

99. 5

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11
Q 
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• From the \_\_\_\_\_
• Stimulates growth of
the thyroid gland
• \_\_\_\_ and secretion
of the thyroid
hormones
A

hypothalamus

Synthesis

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12
Q

How do we test for thyroid disorders

A

Blood test is taken that measures unbound T4 and TSH levels

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13
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Increased serum T4 levels

Decreased serum TSH levels *

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14
Q

Hypothyroidism

A
  • Decreased serum t4 levels

- Increased serum TSH levels *

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15
Q 
• Thryroid
gland
enlarged and
inflamed • Can be a
result of hypo
or
hyperthyroidi
sm
A

GOITER

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16
Q

Most common etiology of hyperthyroidism

A

Graves Diseases

They have been back to the grave and back

17
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism if undiagnosed

A
  1. Sweating
  2. Weight loss
  3. Nervousness
  4. Oversensitive to heat
  5. Fatigue
  6. Moist skin
  7. Tachycardia
  8. In graves disease there is bulging eyes
18
Q

There are no special precautions to following when
treating dental patients who are well ____ with
thyroid medication

• Get medical consultation if needed
• ___ is contraindicated in patients with thyroid
storm (Rare)

A

controlled

Epinephrine

19
Q

Can cause congestive heart failure and fluid retention

around the heart.

A

Hypothyroidism

20
Q

3 Tx of Hyperthyroidism

A
  1. Thioamide drugs
  2. Radioactive Iodine
  3. Iodine
21
Q

Mechanism of Action of Thiamide drugs

A

Inhibit thyroid hormone
production by interfering with in the incorporation of iodine

Example: Propylthiouracil (PTU), Methimazole (Tapazole)
S hort term only: reduces white blood cells

22
Q

Patient drinks liquid containing sodium iodide that
destroys the overactive thyroid gland.
Patient usually becomes hypothyroid and must take
thyroid supplements for the rest of his or her life

A

Radioactive iodine

23
Q
  • Iodine
  • ___ solution
  • 10% potassium iodine/5% iodine
A

Lugol’s

24
Q 
Used in thyroid storm, a life threatening condition featuring:
• Hypertension
• Tachycardia
• Confusion
• Vomiting
• Coma
A

Iodine

25
Q

What causes hypothyroidism the etiology

A

Deficiency in secreation of T4 and T3 from the thyroid gland

Elevated serum levels of TSH

26
Q

Is hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism more common in women

A

hypo

27
Q

S/S of hypothyroidism undiagnosed

A
  • Cold intolerance
  • Weakness
  • Tiredness
  • Fatigue
  • Hoarseness
  • Constipation
  • Aches, pains
28
Q

2 Thyroid Replacement drugs

A 
Thyroid USP (Armour)
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl, Variuous generics
29
Q

___ ___ may cause allergic reactions since it is

derived from animal sources

A

Thyroid USP

30
Q

For therapeutic purposes synthetic T4 is used because more constant blood levels can be achieved due to its
longer duration of action (half-life 7 days) than T3 (half- life 1 day)

A

Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl, various generics)

Spring 2020 Oral Medicine (10 decks)

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