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Spring 2020 Oral Medicine > Cardiovascular System-Holy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System-Holy Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system comprised the heart and ___ ____

A

blood vessels

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2
Q

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM FUNCTION 6

A
  • Circulates oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
  • Provides cells with nutrients
  • Protects body against disease and infection
  • Stops bleeding after injury by clotting
  • Removes waste products
  • Transports hormones to cells and organs
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3
Q

Cardiovascular system system failure…

A

when the heart does not contract sufficiently or there is a blockage of a blood vessel (atherosclerosis)

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4
Q

List 4 Cardiovascular Disorders

A

Hypertension
Heart Disease
Angina
Congestive Heart Failure

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5
Q

Defined as sustained elevation in arterial pressure due to the amount of blood in the vessel being greater than the space available.

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

BP is regulated by the parasympathetic or symptathetic nervous system

A

SYMPATHETIC

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7
Q

WHICH RECEPTORS REGULATE BP?

A

a-1: located on smooth muscle tissue, produces smooth muscle contraction (blood vessels, sweat glands, eye, intestinal)
B-1: located on cardiac tissue, increase heart rate and contractility

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8
Q

As the body’s demand for oxygen increase, the blood vessels contract or dilate to direct blood to the area requiring more oxygen.

Hypertension is when the force of the blood pumping through the arteries is too strong.

Factors influencing blood
pressure: 3

A

Cardiac Output
Peripheral Resistance
Blood volume

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9
Q

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A

REVIEW

Activation of the RAAS system is primarily governed by the kidney, and is the most influential system in regulation of BP
Changes in renal perfusion will impact the release of renin which in turn will lead to changes in Na reabsoprtion and a change in plasma volume
You can see with all of the pathways the RAAS system impacts, why it is an important player in management of hypertension

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10
Q

__ of all people with hypertension have no identifiable cause

A

90%

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11
Q

Hypertension Risk factors include:

A
  • Obesity
  • Smoking
  • Excessive Alcohol Intake
  • Excessive Dietary Sodium
  • Physical Inactivity
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12
Q

TX Hypertension

A
  • Pharmacotherapy

- Lifestyle modifications

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13
Q

Heart Disease

A

Accounts for 40% of all death in the United States

Leading cause of death after age 65

https://www.goredforwomen.org

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14
Q

The thickening of the internal layer of the arterial wall caused by the accumulation of lipid plaques.
Results in diminished blood flow and oxygen supply to a portion of the myocardium
Also called Coronary Heart Disease

A

Atherosclerosis

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15
Q

4 factors that help cholesterol’s role in heart disease

A
  • lipids
  • lipoproteins
  • triglycerides
  • Cholesterol
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16
Q

Lipids (fats):

are important in the diet because they help the body absorb _____ .

___ in the blood so they are transported in the blood in the form of ____.

A

vitamins
Insoluble
lipoproteins

17
Q

complexes containing different percentages of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins, and phospholipids.

A

Lipoproteins

18
Q

Synthesized by liver

A

Triglycerides

19
Q

Mostly obtained from the diet but also made in the liver.

A

Cholesterol

20
Q

“very low-density lipoprotein”

Triglycerides and cholesterol are transported in the blood in the form of ___.

A

VLDL

21
Q

“low-density lipoprotein”
Highest amount of cholesterol is carried by ___.
“Bad” cholesterol.

A

LDL

22
Q

“high-density lipoprotein”
Transports cholesterol to the liver where it is eventually removed from the body.
“Good” cholesterol.

A

HDL

23
Q

A high cholesterol level (______) contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.

A

hypercholesterolemia

24
Q

Formation of lipid plaques can continue to __ the size of the artery

A

decreasing

25
Q

When blood flow is decreased and demand exceeds supply, the outcome is ischemic pain (___)

This is characterized by

A

Angina

aching squeezing pressure and tightness in the chest

Pain sometimes radiates to the left or right arm, neck or lower jaw

26
Q

Heart Disease Risk Factors include 11

A
  1. Male gender
  2. older age
  3. family history
  4. hyperlipidemia high cholesterol
  5. hypertension
  6. cigarette smoking
  7. physical inactivity
  8. obesity
  9. diabetes
  10. mental stress
  11. depression
27
Q

Heart Disease Tx:

A
  • Reduce risk factors
  • pharmacological management
  • Revascularization (angioplasty, stenting, coronary bypass surgery)
28
Q

Heart failure is the most common ____ diagnosis

Heart failure is primarily a condition of the ____

__ million people in the United States have Heart Failure

A

Medicare

elderly

5

29
Q

Congestive Heart Failure :

Heart failure is the most common ____ diagnosis

Heart failure is primarily a condition of the ____

__ million people in the United States have Heart Failure

A

Medicare

elderly

5

30
Q

Any condition that causes myocardial necrosis or produces chronic pressure or volume overload and myocardial dysfunction
Inability of the heart to function as a pump

A

Congestive Heart Failure

31
Q

Causes of congestive heart failure

A
  • hypertension

- heart disease

32
Q

Signs of congestive heart failure

A
  • perceived shortness of breath
  • exercise intolerance
  • fatigue
  • edema
  • weight gain or increased size of abdomen
33
Q

Tx of congestive heart failure

Treat underlying medical problems:
Behavioral Modifications:

A

Treat underlying medical problems:

  • Hypertension
  • Atherosclerotic heart disease
  • Diabetes

Behavioral Modifications:

  • Smoking cessation
  • Weight control
  • Exercise
  • Adequate rest
  • Avoidance of alcohol
  • In late stages: salt restriction

Spring 2020 Oral Medicine (10 decks)

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