Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
involuntary nerve cells that transmit impulses to smooth muscles
Autonomic Nervous System ANS
“Rest and Digest” ◦ Constricts pupils ◦ Stimulates salivation ◦ Lowers heart rate ◦ Constricts breathing ◦ Stimulates digestion
Parasympathetic Division
“Fight or Flight” ◦ Dilates pupils ◦ Inhibits salivation ◦ Increase in heart rate ◦ Facilitates breathing ◦ Inhibits digestion
Sympathetic Division
How does one neuron communicate with the next neuron and with the organ they innervate?
Via neurotransmitters
Chemical substances made in the neurons that are released when an action potential comes down the neuron
Sympthatetic or Parasympathetic come from the
SACRAL NERVES AND CRANIAL NERVES
PARASYMPATHETIC
Sympthatetic or Parasympathetic come from the
THORACIC NERVES/CERVICAL/LUMBAR
SYMPATHETIC
PARASYMPATHETIC HAS LONG OR SHORT BRANCHES POST AND PRE GANGLION
SHORT PRE GANGLION
LONG POST GANGLION
Types of Neurotransmitters
Primary Neurotransmitters
- acetylcholine ACh
- Norepinephrine (NE)
Other Neurotransmitters include:
- Epinephrine (EPI)
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
- GABA (gamma aminobuteric acid)
Sympathetic Division what are the prominent receptors
Adrenergic Receptors
Parasympathetic Division what are the prominent receptors
Cholinergic receptors
Alot of drugs do not effect the ____ receptors.
a. Cholinergic Receptors
b. Adrenergic Receptors
a.
Cholinergic Receptors break down into 2 types of receptors
Muscarinic
Nicotinic
- Innervates sweat glands, blood vessels and smooth muscle
- Slows cardiac function
Muscarinic
Causes skeletal muscle to contract
Nicotinic
**Acetylcholine released from the parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic nerves
in the PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION Cholinergic receptors
Neurotransmitter
Sympathetic Dvision -> Adrenergic Receptors gets broken down into
alpha and beta
with subdivisions a1, a2, b1, b2
There is also neurotransmitters
How do the neurotransmitters work in the synmpathetic division
ACh is released from all PREGANGLIONIC neurons
NE is released from most postganglionic neurons, which then crosses the synapse and has an effect on the tissue/organs, neurepineprine is relases and sometiems epinephrine
How do the neurotransmitters work in the parasympathetic division
Acetylcholine released from the parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic nerves
- located on smooth muscle tissue, produces smooth muscle contractions (blood vessels, sweat glands, eye, intestine)
- Located in bronchi, relaxes uterine and vascular smooth muscle
- Located in cardiac tissue, increase heart rate and contractility
- located on postganglionic neurons, inhibits release of NE, decreases BP, decrease secretion of insulin
- a1
- b2
- b1
- a2
Autonomic Drugs
Agonists
Antagonist
Agonist- Drugs that bind with a receptor to produce an effect
Antagonist- Drugs that bind with a receptor to block results on an agonist to produce results
Is a drug which imitates the action of neurotransmitters
Produces an action or response
Agonist
Parasympathetic Nervous System Receptors
- Cholinergic Agonists
- Anticholinergic (Cholinergic antagonists)
2 subdivisions of Cholinergic Agonists
2 subdivisions of cholinergic antagonists
- Muscarinic
- Nicotinic
- Muscarinic anticholinergic
- Nictotinic anticholonergic(block muscarinic and nicotinic receptors)
Sympathetic Nervous Systems consists of what 2 agonist and antagonist
- Adrenergic Agonists (sympathomimetic drugs)
- Adrenergic Antagonist (sympatholytic drugs)
• Stimulate receptors in the sympathetic or adrenergic nervous
system
Adrenergic Agonist
Directly block the a- and b-adrenergic receptors on tissues,
resulting in a decrease sympathetic activity
Adrenergic Antagonists
