Thyroid Disease

Question 1

What is thyroid gland?what kind of system is it?

Answer 1

Thyroid gland:is a small and butterfly shaped gland which located at the front of the back and under the skin
-part of the endocrine system which control the metabolic rate

Question 2

What kind of conditions affect thyroid?

Answer 2

1.hyperthyroidism: overreactive thyroid, thyroid produced too much thyroid hormone
2.hypothyroidism: underactive thyroid, thyroid cannot produce enough thyroid
3.goiter(enlargement of the thyroid gland)
4.thyroid cancer

Question 3

What hormones does thyroid gland produces?

Answer 3

1.calcitonin
2.triiodothyronine
3.reverse triiodothyronine
4.thyroxine

Question 4

What is hyperthyroidism?what is the oral manifestation?what is the common cause?what oral health risk assessment?

Answer 4

💠Hyperthyroidism:
-more common in women
-cccur over short?long period of time
💠Cause:
-Intake too much iodine in diet
-too much thyroid hormone medicine
-graves disease
-viral infection
💠Oral manifestation:
-difficulty in swallowing
-rapidly development o dental caries and periodontitis because of xerostomia
-accelerated development of teeth and jaw(or children)-
💠Oral Health risk assessment:
-accelerated development of teeth and jaw may cause malocclusion
-analgesics can increase thyroid hormone,make it more difficult to control hyperthyroidism
-vasoconstrictors are used with caution in patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, as these may increase symptoms of tachycardia

Question 5

What is the management of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 5

1.anti-thyroid medicine( eg:methimazole)
2.beta-blocker medicine
3.radioiodine therapy(oral medicine, cause thyroid to shrink as it takes up the radioiodine),eventually develop hypothyroidism
4.Thyroidectomy (cut part of the thyroid gland)
**radioiodie therapy and thyoidctomy need to take levothyroxine +lifelong monitoring

Question 6

What is hyperthyroidism? What is the cause?what oral manifestation is it? What is them medication?what is the management?what are the increased risks?

Answer 6

-more common in women
-develops slowly and more common in people>60 years old
💠Cause:
-Congenital
-hashimoto disease
💠Management:
-administrated Levothyroxine medication +lifelong monitoring
💠Increased risk in oral problems:
-periodontitis
-gingiva bleeding easily
-poor wound healing
-oral candidiasis
💠Oral manifestation:
-Macroglossia
-burning mouth syndrome
-hoarse voice
-xerostomia
-dental caries
-delayed tooth development
-delayed wound healing
-small jaw and malocclusion

Question 7

What is the sigh and symptoms of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism?

Answer 7

Increased the temperature:pulse rate

Question 8

What is the sigh and symptoms of uncontrolled hypothyroidism?

Answer 8

Edema,enlarged tongue,hypotension,bradycardia

Question 9

What disease need to take levothyroxine?

Answer 9

Hypothyroidism, after thyroidectomy,after redioiodine therapy