Hypertension Flashcards
What is hypertension?
An abnormal elevation of arterial blood pressure
What is the early symptoms of hypertension?
headache,tinnitis,dizziness,fainting,bleeding nose,dyspnea,vision change
What is the types of hypertension?
-Primary：no underlying pathologic abnormality（95%)
-Secondary：underlying medical conditions
What is the first/second/bottom on the BP機?
Systolic
Diastolic
Pulse
💠Systolic blood pressure:the highest pressure caused by the ventricular contruction
Diastolic blood pressure:thelowerest pressure caused by the ventricular relaxation
What are the risk factors of hypertension?
-tabacco use
-genetic predisposition
-againg
-excessive alcohol intake
-illegal drug use
-inadequate potassium intake
-excessive sodium intake
-physical inactivity
-overweight
What is the cause of secondary HT?
-renal disease
-obstructive sleep apnea
-endocrine conditions(hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,hyperparathyroidism)
-medication(amphetamines,antidepressants,corticosteroid,caffeine,herbal supplement,recreation drugs)
What is the bp number of optimal/hypertension/hypertensive crisis?
Normal BP:<120/80mmHg
Hypertension:>=140 and/or <=90mmHg
Hypertensive crisis(extremely high):>180 and /or >120mmHg
What is the common cause of HT?
Pain,anxiety,after exercise,lack of compliance with anti hypersensitivity therapy)
What is the oral side effect of antihypertensive drugs?
1.taste alteration
2.xerostomia
3.gingival hyperglycaemia
What is the hypertension management as a DH?
If 1st BP intake is high=>wait 10 minutes=>retake.If persists too high,consult the dentist for the suitability of the further dental treatment.Then consult the medical doctor again.
What is the common classes of antihypertensive drugs?
1.angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (Enalapril)
2.beta-blocker (antenolol)
3.calcium channel blockers (nifedipine)
If not identified,diagnosed and treated in hypertension,what happen will the patient have?
Angina,cerebrovascular disease,myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure ,kidney failure
