thyroid cancer and nodules Flashcards
what % of solitary thyroid nodules are benign
95%
name some benign thyroid tumours (4)
cyst, colloid nodule, follicular adenoma, hyperplastic nodule
what are benign thyroid tumours encapsulated by and are they functional/ non functional
collagen - nonfunctional
what malignant thyroid nodules are there
papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma
what happens to a thyroid mass when you swallow/ stick tongue out
it moves
what types of differentiated thyroid cancers are there and what type of prognosis is associated
papillary and follicular - good
what is the most common thyroid cancer, how does it spread and where does it commonly spread to
papillary carcinoma, spreads via lymphatics –> lungs, bone, liver, brain
what commonly causes papillary thyroid cancer and what is it associated with
RADIATION - hashimotos thyroiditis (hypo)
what is the 2nd most common cancer, how does it spread
follicular, haematogenous - minimally invasive usually
what commonly causes follicular carcinoma
low iodine diet
what is medullary thyroid carcinoma and what is the tumour marker
rare tumour of parafollicular cell - calcitonin tumour marker
what types of medullary cancer are there
sporadic MTC, familial non MEN, familial MEN2a, hyperparathyroidism
what symptoms are associated with medullary cancer
diarrhoea and flushed skin
who typically presents with thyroid lymphoma
old lady with history of AUTOIMMUNE hypothyroid and a rapid onset
what is the course of management for thyroid lymphoma
biopsy –> steroids –> chemo –> radio
