hyper/hypothyroidism Flashcards
what genes are associated with autoimmune thyroiditis
HLA, CTLA4, PTPN22
what is primary hypothyroidism
low free T3/4 –> raised TSH
what is secondary hypothyroidism
pituitary problem –> low TSH –> low T3/4
what is subclinical hypothyroidism and when do you treat it
high TSH but normal T3/4, treat if pregnant or if TSH>10
what is primary hyperthyroidism
high free T3/4 –> low TSH
what is secondary hyperthyroidism
pit problem –> high TSH –> high T3/4
what is subclinical hyperthyroidism
low TSH and normal T3/4
what is subclinical hyperthyroidism associated with and when do you treat it
osteoporosis and AF, treat if TSH <0.1
what are normal TSH levels
0.4-4
what is the definition of hypothyroidism
any disorder that causes insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones
who is most likely to develop hypothyroidism
older white women
what causes hypothyroidism
low iodine (in developing countries), hasimotos autoimmune thyroiditis (developed), drugs eg lithium/ amiadarone, secondary causes eg hypopituitarism
what causes goitres in hypothyroidism
hashimotos, iodine deficiency, drugs
what causes non-goitrous hypothyroidism
atrophic thyroiditis - common from radiotherapy
1)what is hashimotis thyroiditis, 2)who gets it, 3)what is associated with it and 4)what can precede it
1)gradual autoimmune failure and destruction of thyroid, 2)middle aged women get it, 3)assoc with HLA and other AI diseases, 4)can be preceded by transinet hyperfunction
what antibodies are associated with hashimoto’s thyroiditis
TPO anti-thyroid antibodies, CD8 cells, anti-thyroglobulin
what are symptoms of hypothyroidism
everything slowed down: dry hair, bradycardia, tired, depressed mood, weight gain + decreased appetite, constipation, cold intolerance, non-pitting oedema, slow intellect
what is a sign of extreme hypothyroidism
myxoedema - puffy hands and face