Thyroid Cancer

Question 1

Thyroid Adenoma

Answer 1

Benign solitary growth of the thyroid

Most common histology is *follicular

Question 2

Papillary carcinoma

Answer 2

Most common, excellent prognosis

Empty-appearing nuclei with central clearing (*“Orphan Annie” eyes), *psammoma bodies, *nuclear grooves

INC risk with RET and BRAF mutations, childhood irradiation

Question 3

Follicular carcinoma

Answer 3

Good prognosis, invades thyroid capsule and vasculature

uniform follicles

hematogenous spread is common.

Associated with RAS mutation.

Question 4

Medullary carcinoma

Answer 4

From parafollicular “C cells” produces calcitonin

sheets of cells in an amyloid stroma (stains with Congo red)

Associated with MEN 2A and 2B (RET mutations).

Question 5

Undifferentiated/

anaplastic carcinoma

Answer 5

Older patients

invades local structures

very poor prognosis

Question 6

Lymphoma

Answer 6

Associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis